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药物非临床研究质量管理规范

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药物非临床研究质量管理规范

国家食品药品监督管理局


药物非临床研究质量管理规范(局令第2号)

国家食品药品监督管理局令
第2号

  《药物非临床研究质量管理规范》于2003年6月4日经国家食品药品监督管理局局务会审议通过,现予发布。本规范自2003年9月1日起施行。


                           局长:郑筱萸
                          二○○三年八月六日


             药物非临床研究质量管理规范


                第一章 总 则

  第一条 为提高药物非临床研究的质量,确保实验资料的真实性、完整性和可靠性,保障人民用药安全,根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》,制定本规范。

  第二条 本规范适用于为申请药品注册而进行的非临床研究。药物非临床安全性评价研究机构必须遵循本规范。


              第二章 组织机构和人员

  第三条 非临床安全性评价研究机构应建立完善的组织管理体系,配备机构负责人、质量保证部门负责人和相应的工作人员。

  第四条 非临床安全性评价研究机构的人员,应符合下列要求:
  (一)具备严谨的科学作风和良好的职业道德以及相应的学历,经过专业培训,具备所承担的研究工作需要的知识结构、工作经验和业务能力;
  (二)熟悉本规范的基本内容,严格履行各自职责,熟练掌握并严格执行与所承担工作有关的标准操作规程;
  (三)及时、准确和清楚地进行试验观察记录,对实验中发生的可能影响实验结果的任何情况应及时向专题负责人书面报告;
  (四)根据工作岗位的需要着装,遵守健康检查制度,确保供试品、对照品和实验系统不受污染;
  (五)定期进行体检,患有影响研究结果的疾病者,不得参加研究工作;
  (六)经过培训、考核,并取得上岗资格。

  第五条 非临床安全性评价研究机构负责人应具备医学、药学或其它相关专业本科以上学历及相应的业务素质和工作能力。机构负责人职责为:
  (一)全面负责非临床安全性评价研究机构的建设和组织管理;
  (二)建立工作人员学历、专业培训及专业工作经历的档案材料;
  (三)确保各种设施、设备和实验条件符合要求;
  (四)确保有足够数量的工作人员,并按规定履行其职责;
  (五)聘任质量保证部门的负责人,并确保其履行职责;
  (六)制定主计划表,掌握各项研究工作的进展;
  (七)组织制定和修改标准操作规程,并确保工作人员掌握相关的标准操作规程;
  (八)每项研究工作开始前,聘任专题负责人,有必要更换时,应记录更换的原因和时
间;
  (九)审查批准实验方案和总结报告;
  (十)及时处理质量保证部门的报告,详细记录采取的措施;
  (十一)确保供试品、对照品的质量和稳定性符合要求;
  (十二)与协作或委托单位签订书面合同。

  第六条 非临床安全性评价研究机构应设立独立的质量保证部门,其人员的数量根据非临床安全性评价研究机构的规模而定。质量保证部门负责人的职责为:
  (一)保存非临床研究机构的主计划表、实验方案和总结报告的副本;
  (二)审核实验方案、实验记录和总结报告;
  (三)对每项研究实施检查,并根据其内容和持续时间制定审查和检查计划,详细记录检查的内容、发现的问题、采取的措施等,并在记录上签名,保存备查;
  (四)定期检查动物饲养设施、实验仪器和档案管理;
  (五)向机构负责人和/或专题负责人书面报告检查发现的问题及建议;
  (六)参与标准操作规程的制定,保存标准操作规程的副本。

  第七条 每项研究工作必须聘任专题负责人。专题负责人职责为:
  (一)全面负责该项研究工作的运行管理;
  (二)制定实验方案,严格执行实验方案,分析研究结果,撰写总结报告;
  (三)执行标准操作规程的规定,及时提出修订或补充相应的标准操作规程的建议;
  (四)确保参与研究的工作人员明确所承担的工作,并掌握相应的标准操作规程;
  (五)掌握研究工作的进展,检查各种实验记录,确保其及时、直接、准确和清楚;
  (六)详细记录实验中出现的意外情况和采取的措施;
  (七)实验结束后,将实验方案、原始资料、应保存的标本、各种有关记录文件和总结报告等归档保存;
  (八)及时处理质量保证部门提出的问题,确保研究工作各环节符合要求。


               第三章 实验设施

  第八条 根据所从事的非临床研究的需要,建立相应的实验设施。各种实验设施应保
持清洁卫生,运转正常;各类设施布局应合理,防止交叉污染;环境条件及其调控应符合不同设施的要求。

  第九条 具备设计合理、配置适当的动物饲养设施,并能根据需要调控温度、湿度、空气洁净度、通风和照明等环境条件。实验动物设施条件应与所使用的实验动物级别相符。动物饲养设施主要包括以下几方面:
  (一)不同种属动物或不同实验系统的饲养和管理设施;
  (二)动物的检疫和患病动物的隔离治疗设施;
  (三)收集和处置试验废弃物的设施;
  (四)清洗消毒设施;
  (五)供试品和对照品含有挥发性、放射性或生物危害性等物质时,应设置相应的饲养设施。

  第十条 具备饲料、垫料、笼具及其它动物用品的存放设施。各类设施的配置应合理,防止与实验系统相互污染。易腐败变质的动物用品应有适当的保管措施。

  第十一条 具有供试品和对照品的处置设施:
  (一)接收和贮藏供试品和对照品的设施;
  (二)供试品和对照品的配制和贮存设施。

  第十二条 根据工作需要设立相应的实验室;使用有生物危害性的动物、微生物、放射性等材料应设立专门实验室,并应符合国家有关管理规定。

  第十三条 具备保管实验方案、各类标本、原始记录、总结报告及有关文件档案的设施。

  第十四条 根据工作需要配备相应的环境调控设施。


             第四章 仪器设备和实验材料

  第十五条 根据研究工作的需要配备相应的仪器设备,放置地点合理,并有专人负责保管,定期进行检查、清洁保养、测试和校正,确保仪器设备的性能稳定可靠。

  第十六条 实验室内应备有相应仪器设备保养、校正及使用方法的标准操作规程。对仪器设备的使用、检查、测试、校正及故障修理,应详细记录日期、有关情况及操作人员的姓名等。

  第十七条 供试品和对照品的管理应符合下列要求:
  (一)实验用的供试品和对照品,应有专人保管,有完善的接收、登记和分发的手续,供试品和对照品的批号、稳定性、含量或浓度、纯度及其它理化性质应有记录,对照品为市售商品时,可用其标签或其它标示内容;
  (二)供试品和对照品的贮存保管条件应符合要求,贮存的容器应贴有标签,标明品名、缩写名、代号、批号、有效期和贮存条件;
  (三)供试品和对照品在分发过程中应避免污染或变质,分发的供试品和对照品应及时贴上准确的标签,并按批号记录分发、归还的日期和数量;
  (四)需要将供试品和对照品与介质混合时,应在给药前测定其混合的均匀性,必要时还应定期测定混合物中供试品和对照品的浓度和稳定性,混合物中任一组分有失效期的,应在容器标签上标明,两种以上组分均有失效日期的,以最早的失效日期为准。

  第十八条 实验室的试剂和溶液等均应贴有标签,标明品名、浓度、贮存条件、配制日期及有效期等。试验中不得使用变质或过期的试剂和溶液。

  第十九条 动物的饲料和饮水应定期检验,确保其符合营养和卫生标准。影响实验结果的污染因素应低于规定的限度,检验结果应作为原始资料保存。

  第二十条 动物饲养室内使用的清洁剂、消毒剂及杀虫剂等,不得影响实验结果,并应详细记录其名称、浓度、使用方法及使用的时间等。


               第五章 标准操作规程

  第二十一条 制定与实验工作相适应的标准操作规程。需要制定的标准操作规程主要包括以下方面:
  (一)标准操作规程的编辑和管理;
  (二)质量保证程序;
  (三)供试品和对照品的接收、标识、保存、处理、配制、领用及取样分析;
  (四)动物房和实验室的准备及环境因素的调控;
  (五)实验设施和仪器设备的维护、保养、校正、使用和管理;
  (六)计算机系统的操作和管理;
  (七)实验动物的运输、检疫、编号及饲养管理;
  (八)实验动物的观察记录及实验操作;
  (九)各种实验样品的采集、各种指标的检查和测定等操作技术;
  (十)濒死或已死亡动物的检查处理;
  (十一)动物的尸检、组织病理学检查;
  (十二)实验标本的采集、编号和检验;
  (十三)各种实验数据的管理和处理;
  (十四)工作人员的健康检查制度;
  (十五)动物尸体及其它废弃物的处理;
  (十六)需要制定标准操作规程的其它工作。

  第二十二条 标准操作规程经质量保证部门签字确认和机构负责人批准后生效。失效的标准操作规程除一份存档之外应及时销毁。

  第二十三条 标准操作规程的制定、修改、生效日期及分发、销毁情况应记录并归档。

  第二十四条 标准操作规程的存放应方便使用。研究过程中任何偏离标准操作规程的
操作,都应经专题负责人批准,并加以记录。标准操作规程的改动,应经质量保证部门负责人确认,机构负责人书面批准。


              第六章 研究工作的实施

  第二十五条 每项研究均应有专题名称或代号,并在有关文件资料及实验记录中统一
使用该名称或代号。

  第二十六条 实验中所采集的各种标本应标明专题名称或代号、动物编号和收集日期。

  第二十七条 专题负责人应制定实验方案,经质量保证部门审查,机构负责人批准后方可执行,批准日期作为实验的起始日期。接受委托的研究,实验方案应经委托单位认可。

  第二十八条 实验方案的主要内容如下:
  (一)研究专题的名称或代号及研究目的;
  (二)非临床安全性评价研究机构和委托单位的名称及地址;
  (三)专题负责人和参加实验的工作人员姓名;
  (四)供试品和对照品的名称、缩写名、代号、批号、有关理化性质及生物特性;
  (五)实验系统及选择理由;
  (六)实验动物的种、系、数量、年龄、性别、体重范围、来源和等级;
  (七)实验动物的识别方法;
  (八)实验动物饲养管理的环境条件;
  (九)饲料名称或代号;
  (十)实验用的溶媒、乳化剂及其它介质;
  (十一)供试品和对照品的给药途径、方法、剂量、频率和用药期限及选择的理由;
  (十二)所用毒性研究指导原则的文件及文献;
  (十三)各种指标的检测方法和频率;
  (十四)数据统计处理方法;
  (十五)实验资料的保存地点。

  第二十九条 研究过程中需要修改实验方案时,应经质量保证部门审查,机构负责人批准。变更的内容、理由及日期,应记入档案,并与原实验方案一起保存。

  第三十条 专题负责人全面负责研究专题的运行管理。参加实验的工作人员,应严格执行实验方案和相应的标准操作规程,发现异常现象时应及时向专题负责人报告。

  第三十一条 所有数据的记录应做到及时、直接、准确、清楚和不易消除,并应注明记录日期,记录者签名。记录的数据需要修改时,应保持原记录清楚可辨,并注明修改的理由及修改日期,修改者签名。

  第三十二条 动物出现非供试品引起的疾病或出现干扰研究目的的异常情况时,应立即隔离或处死。需要用药物治疗时,应经专题负责人批准,并详细记录治疗的理由、批准手续、检查情况、药物处方、治疗日期和结果等。治疗措施不得干扰研究。

  第三十三条 研究工作结束后,专题负责人应及时写出总结报告,签名或盖章后交质量保证部门负责人审查和签署意见,机构负责人批准。批准日期作为实验结束日期。

  第三十四条 总结报告主要内容如下:
  (一)研究专题的名称或代号及研究目的;
  (二)非临床安全性评价研究机构和委托单位的名称和地址;
  (三)研究起止日期;
  (四)供试品和对照品的名称、缩写名、代号、批号、稳定性、含量、浓度、纯度、组分及其它特性;
  (五)实验动物的种、系、数量、年龄、性别、体重范围、来源、动物合格证号及签发单位、接收日期和饲养条件;
  (六)供试品和对照品的给药途径、剂量、方法、频率和给药期限;
  (七)供试品和对照品的剂量设计依据;
  (八)影响研究可靠性和造成研究工作偏离实验方案的异常情况;
  (九)各种指标检测方法和频率;
  (十)专题负责人与所有参加工作的人员姓名和承担的工作内容;
  (十一)分析数据所采用的统计方法;
  (十二)实验结果和结论;
  (十三)原始资料和标本的保存地点。

  第三十五条 总结报告经机构负责人签字后,需要修改或补充时,有关人员应详细说明修改或补充的内容、理由和日期,经专题负责人认可,并经质量保证部门负责人审查和机构负责人批准。


               第七章 资料档案

  第三十六条 研究工作结束后,专题负责人应将实验方案、标本、原始资料、文字记录和总结报告的原件、与实验有关的各种书面文件、质量保证部门的检查报告等按标准操作规程的要求整理交资料档案室,并按标准操作规程的要求编号归档。

  第三十七条 研究项目被取消或中止时,专题负责人应书面说明取消或中止原因,并将上述实验资料整理归档。

  第三十八条 资料档案室应有专人负责,按标准操作规程的要求进行管理。

  第三十九条 实验方案、标本、原始资料、文字记录、总结报告以及其它资料的保存期,应在药物上市后至少五年。

  第四十条 质量容易变化的标本,如组织器官、电镜标本、血液涂片等的保存期,应以能够进行质量评价为时限。

                第八章 监督检查

  第四十一条 国家食品药品监督管理局负责组织实施对非临床安全性评价研究机构的检查。

  第四十二条 凡为在中华人民共和国申请药品注册而进行的非临床研究,都应接受药品监督管理部门的监督检查。


                第九章 附 则

  第四十三条 本规范所用术语定义如下:
  (一)非临床研究,系指为评价药物安全性,在实验室条件下,用实验系统进行的各种毒性试验,包括单次给药的毒性试验、反复给药的毒性试验、生殖毒性试验、遗传毒性试验、致癌试验、局部毒性试验、免疫原性试验、依赖性试验、毒代动力学试验及与评价药物安全性有关的其它试验。
  (二)非临床安全性评价研究机构,系指从事药物非临床研究的实验室。
  (三)实验系统,系指用于毒性试验的动物、植物、微生物以及器官、组织、细胞、基因等。
  (四)质量保证部门,系指非临床安全性评价研究机构内履行有关非临床研究工作质量保证职能的部门。
  (五)专题负责人,系指负责组织实施某项研究工作的人员。
  (六)供试品,系指供非临床研究的药品或拟开发为药品的物质。
  (七)对照品,系指非临床研究中与供试品作比较的物质。
  (八)原始资料,系指记载研究工作的原始观察记录和有关文书材料,包括工作记录、各种照片、缩微胶片、缩微复制品、计算机打印资料、磁性载体、自动化仪器记录材料等。
  (九)标本,系指采自实验系统用于分析观察和测定的任何材料。
  (十)委托单位,系指委托非临床安全性评价研究机构进行非临床研究的单位。
  (十一)批号,系指用于识别“批”的一组数字或字母加数字,以保证供试品或对照品的可追溯性。

  第四十四条 本规范由国家食品药品监督管理局负责解释。

  第四十五条 本规范自2003年9月1日起施行,原国家药品监督管理局1999年10月14日发布的《药品非临床研究质量管理规范(试行)》同时废止。

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甘肃人大修改《甘肃环保条例》的决定

甘肃省人大常委会


甘肃人大修改《甘肃环保条例》的决定

  甘肃省人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《甘肃省环境保护条例》的决定 (2004年6月4日省十届人大常委会第十次会议通过)

  甘肃省第十届人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议决定对《甘肃省环境保护条例》作如下修改:一、第十五条第三款修改为:“行业管理部门和企业事业单位的环境监测机构,分别负责本部门和本单位的环境监测工作;受县级以上环境保护行政主管部门委托,其监测数据经委托部门核查后,也可作为评价环境质量、排污收费、处理污染纠纷等的依据。”二、删去第三十二条。

  三、第四十七条修改为:“建设项目环境影响报告书(表)未经环境保护行政主管部门审批,擅自施工的,除责令停止施工、补办审批手续外,对建设单位处以一千元以上二万元以下罚款,对该单位法定代表人处以三百元以上三千元以下罚款。”本决定自公布之日起施行。

  《甘肃省环境保护条例》根据本决定作相应的修改,重新公布。


中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法(附英文)(废止)

全国人民代表大会


中华人民共和国主席令(七届第45号)


  《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》已由中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会第四次会议于1991年4月9日通过,现予公布,自1991年7月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 杨尚昆
                                1991年4月9日

中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法(附英文)

1991年4月9日第七届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过

第一条 中华人民共和国境内的外商投资企业生产、经营所得和其他所得,依照本法的规定缴纳所得税。
在中华人民共和国境内,外国企业生产、经营所得和其他所得,依照本法的规定缴纳所得税。
第二条 本法所称外商投资企业,是指在中国境内设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业。
本法所称外国企业,是指在中国境内设立机构、场所,从事生产、经营和虽未设立机构、场所,而有来源于中国境内所得的外国公司、企业和其他经济组织。
第三条 外商投资企业的总机构设在中国境内,就来源于中国境内、境外的所得缴纳所得税。外国企业就来源于中国境内的所得缴纳所得税。
第四条 外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所每一纳税年度的收入总额,减除成本、费用以及损失后的余额,为应纳税的所得额。
第五条 外商投资企业的企业所得税和外国企业就其在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所的所得应纳的企业所得税,按应纳税的所得额计算,税率为30%;地方所得税,按应纳税的所得额计算,税率为3%。
第六条 国家按照产业政策,引导外商投资方向,鼓励举办采用先进技术、设备,产品全部或者大部分出口的外商投资企业。
第七条 设在经济特区的外商投资企业、在经济特区设立机构、场所从事生产、经营的外国企业和设在经济技术开发区的生产性外商投资企业,减按15%的税率征收企业所得税。
设在沿海经济开放区和经济特区、经济技术开发区所在城市的老市区的生产性外商投资企业,减按24%的税率征收企业所得税。
设在沿海经济开放区和经济特区、经济技术开发区所在城市的老市区或者设在国务院规定的其他地区的外商投资企业,属于能源、交通、港口、码头或者国家鼓励的其他项目的,可以减按15%的税率征收企业所得税,具体办法由国务院规定。
第八条 对生产性外商投资企业,经营期在十年以上的,从开始获利的年度起,第一年和第二年免征企业所得税,第三年至第五年减半征收企业所得税,但是属于石油、天然气、稀有金属、贵重金属等资源开采项目的,由国务院另行规定。外商投资企业实际经营期不满十年的,应当补缴已免征、减征的企业所得税税款。
本法施行前国务院公布的规定,对能源、交通、港口、码头以及其他重要生产性项目给予比前款规定更长期限的免征、减征企业所得税的优惠待遇,或者对非生产性的重要项目给予免征、减征企业所得税的优惠待遇,在本法施行后继续执行。
从事农业、林业、牧业的外商投资企业和设在经济不发达的边远地区的外商投资企业,依照前两款规定享受免税、减税待遇期满后,经企业申请,国务院税务主管部门批准,在以后的十年内可以继续按应纳税额减征15%至30%的企业所得税。
本法施行后,需要变更前三款的免征、减征企业所得税的规定的,由国务院报全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定。
第九条 对鼓励外商投资的行业、项目,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以根据实际情况决定免征、减征地方所得税。
第十条 外商投资企业的外国投资者,将从企业取得的利润直接再投资于该企业,增加注册资本,或者作为资本投资开办其他外商投资企业,经营期不少于五年的,经投资者申请,税务机关批准,退还其再投资部分已缴纳所得税的40%税款,国务院另有优惠规定的,依照国务院的规定办理;再投资不满五年撤出的,应当缴回已退的税款。
第十一条 外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所发生年度亏损,可以用下一纳税年度的所得弥补;下一纳税年度的所得不足弥补的,可以逐年延续弥补,但最长不得超过五年。
第十二条 外商投资企业来源于中国境外的所得已在境外缴纳的所得税税款,准予在汇总纳税时,从其应纳税额中扣除,但扣除额不得超过其境外所得依照本法规定计算的应纳税额。
第十三条 外商投资企业或者外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所与其关联企业之间的业务往来,应当按照独立企业之间的业务往来收取或者支付价款、费用。不按照独立企业之间的业务往来收取或者支付价款、费用,而减少其应纳税的所得额的,税务机关有权进行合理调整。
第十四条 外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所设立、迁移、合并、分立、终止以及变更登记主要事项,应当向工商行政管理机关办理登记或者变更、注销登记,并持有关证件向当地税务机关办理税务登记或者变更、注销登记。
第十五条 缴纳企业所得税和地方所得税,按年计算,分季预缴。季度终了后十五日内预缴;年度终了后五个月内汇算清缴,多退少补。
第十六条 外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所应当在每次预缴所得税的期限内,向当地税务机关报送预缴所得税申报表;年度终了后四个月内,报送年度所得税申报表和会计决算报表。
第十七条 外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所的财务、会计制度,应当报送当地税务机关备查。各项会计记录必须完整准确,有合法凭证作为记账依据。
外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所的财务、会计处理办法同国务院有关税收的规定有抵触的,应当依照国务院有关税收的规定计算纳税。
第十八条 外商投资企业进行清算时,其资产净额或者剩余财产减除企业未分配利润、各项基金和清算费用后的余额,超过实缴资本的部分为清算所得,应当依照本法规定缴纳所得税。
第十九条 外国企业在中国境内未设立机构、场所,而有取得的来源于中国境内的利润、利息、租金、特许权使用费和其他所得,或者虽设立机构、场所,但上述所得与其机构、场所没有实际联系的,都应当缴纳20%的所得税。
依照前款规定缴纳的所得税,以实际受益人为纳税义务人,以支付人为扣缴义务人。税款由支付人在每次支付的款额中扣缴。扣缴义务人每次所扣的税款,应当于五日内缴入国库,并向当地税务机关报送扣缴所得税报告表。
对下列所得,免征、减征所得税:
(一)外国投资者从外商投资企业取得的利润,免征所得税;
(二)国际金融组织贷款给中国政府和中国国家银行的利息所得,免征所得税;
(三)外国银行按照优惠利率贷款给中国国家银行的利息所得,免征所得税;
(四)为科学研究、开发能源、发展交通事业、农林牧业生产以及开发重要技术提供专有技术所取得的特许权使用费,经国务院税务主管部门批准,可以减按10%的税率征收所得税,其中技术先进或者条件优惠的,可以免征所得税。
除本条规定以外,对于利润、利息、租金、特许权使用费和其他所得,需要给予所得税减征、免征的优惠待遇的,由国务院规定。
第二十条 税务机关有权对外商投资企业和外国企业在中国境内设立的从事生产、经营的机构、场所的财务、会计和纳税情况进行检查;有权对扣缴义务人代扣代缴税款情况进行检查。被检查的单位和扣缴义务人必须据实报告,并提供有关资料,不得拒绝或者隐瞒。
税务机关派出人员进行检查时,应当出示证件,并负责保密。
第二十一条 依照本法缴纳的所得税以人民币为计算单位。所得为外国货币的,应当按照国家外汇管理机关公布的外汇牌价折合成人民币缴纳税款。
第二十二条 纳税义务人未按规定期限缴纳税款的,或者扣缴义务人未按规定期限解缴税款的,税务机关除限期缴纳外,从滞纳税款之日起,按日加收滞纳税款2‰的滞纳金。
第二十三条 未按规定期限向税务机关办理税务登记或者变更、注销登记的,未按规定期限向税务机关报送所得税申报表、会计决算报表或者扣缴所得税报告表的,或者未将本单位的财务、会计制度报送税务机关备查的,由税务机关责令限期登记或者报送,可以处以五千元以下的罚款。
经税务机关责令限期登记或者报送,逾期仍不向税务机关办理税务登记或者变更登记,或者仍不向税务机关报送所得税申报表、会计决算报表或者扣缴所得税报告表的,由税务机关处以一万元以下的罚款;情节严重的,比照刑法第一百二十一条的规定追究其法定代表人和直接责任人员的刑事责任。
第二十四条 扣缴义务人不履行本法规定的扣缴义务,不扣或者少扣应扣税款的,由税务机关限期追缴应扣未扣税款,可以处以应扣未扣税款一倍以下的罚款。
扣缴义务人未按规定的期限将已扣税款缴入国库的,由税务机关责令限期缴纳,可以处以五千元以下的罚款;逾期仍不缴纳的,由税务机关依法追缴,并处以一万元以下的罚款;情节严重的,比照刑法第一百二十一条的规定追究其法定代表人和直接责任人员的刑事责任。
第二十五条 采取隐瞒、欺骗手段偷税的,或者未按本法规定的期限缴纳税款,经税务机关催缴,在规定的期限内仍不缴纳的,由税务机关追缴其应缴纳税款,并处以应补税款五倍以下的罚款;情节严重的,依照刑法第一百二十一条的规定追究其法定代表人和直接责任人员的刑事责任。
第二十六条 外商投资企业、外国企业或者扣缴义务人同税务机关在纳税上发生争议时,必须先依照规定纳税,然后可在收到税务机关填发的纳税凭证之日起六十日内向上一级税务机关申请复议。上一级税务机关应当自收到复议申请之日起六十日内作出复议决定。对复议决定不服的,可在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。
当事人对税务机关的处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,向作出处罚决定的机关的上一级机关申请复议;对复议决定不服的,可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,直接向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议或者不向人民法院起诉、又不履行处罚决定的,作出处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十七条 本法公布前已设立的外商投资企业,依照本法规定,其所得税税率比本法施行前有所提高或者所享受的所得税减征、免征优惠待遇比本法施行前有所减少的,在批准的经营期限内,依照本法施行前法律和国务院有关规定执行;没有经营期限的,在国务院规定的期间内,依照本法施行前法律和国务院有关规定执行。具体办法由国务院规定。
第二十八条 中华人民共和国政府与外国政府所订立的有关税收的协定同本法有不同规定的,依照协定的规定办理。
第二十九条 国务院根据本法制定实施细则。
第三十条 本法自1991年7月1日起施行。《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业所得税法》和《中华人民共和国外国企业所得税法》同时废止。

INCOME TAX LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR ENTERPRISESWITH FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Seventh National People'sCongress on April 9, 1991, promulgated by Order No. 45 of the President ofthe People's Republic of China on April 9, 1991 and effective as of July1, 1991)

Important Notice: (注意事项)
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
INCOME TAX LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR ENTERPRISES WITH
FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Seventh National People's
Congress on April 9, 1991, promulgated by Order No. 45 of the President of
the People's Republic of China on April 9, 1991 and effective as of July
1, 1991)
Article 1
Income tax shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of this Law by
enterprises with foreign investment within the territory of the People's
Republic of China on their income derived from production, business
operations and other sources. Income tax shall be paid in accordance with
the provisions of this Law by foreign enterprises on their income derived
from production, business operations and other sources within the
territory of the People's Republic of China.
Article 2
"Enterprises with foreign investment" referred to in this Law mean
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign contractual joint
ventures and foreign-capital enterprises that are established in China.
"Foreign enterprises" referred to in this Law mean foreign companies,
enterprises and other economic organizations which have establishments or
places in China and engage in production or business operations, and
which, though without establishments or places in China, have income from
sources within China.
Article 3
Any enterprise with foreign investment which establishes its head office
in China shall pay its income tax on its income derived from sources
inside and outside China. Any foreign enterprise shall pay its income tax
on its income derived from sources within China.
Article 4
The taxable income of an enterprise with foreign investment and an
establishment or a place set up in China to engage in production or
business operations by a foreign enterprise, shall be the amount remaining
from its gross income in a tax year after the costs, expenses and losses
have been deducted.
Article 5
The income tax on enterprises with foreign investment and the income tax
which shall be paid by foreign enterprises on the income of their
establishments or places set up in China to engage in production or
business operations shall be computed on the taxable income at the rate of
thirty percent, and local income tax shall be computed on the taxable
income at the rate of three percent.
Article 6
The State shall, in accordance with the industrial policies, guide the
orientation of foreign investment and encourage the establishment of
enterprises with foreign investment which adopt advanced technology and
equipment and export all or greater part of their products.
Article 7
The income tax on enterprises with foreign investment established in
Special Economic Zones, foreign enterprises which have establishments or
places in Special Economic Zones engaged in production or business
operations, and on enterprises with foreign investment of a production
nature in Economic and Technological Development Zones, shall be levied at
the reduced rate of fifteen percent.
The income tax on enterprises with foreign investment of a production
nature established in coastal economic open zones or in the old urban
districts of cities where the Special Economic Zones or the Economic and
Technological Development Zones are located, shall be levied at the
reduced rate of twenty-four percent.
The income tax on enterprises with foreign investment in coastal economic
open zones, in the old urban districts of cities where the Special
Economic Zones or the Economic and Technological Development Zones are
located or in other regions defined by the State Council, within the scope
of energy, communications, harbour, wharf or other projects encouraged by
the State, may be levied at the reduced rate of fifteen percent. The
specific measures shall be drawn up by the State Council.
Article 8
Any enterprise with foreign investment of a production nature scheduled to
operate for a period of not less than ten years shall, from the year
beginning to make profit, be exempted from income tax in the first and
second years and allowed a fifty percent reduction in the third to fifth
years. However, the exemption from or reduction of income tax on
enterprises with foreign investment engaged in the exploitation of
resources such as petroleum, natural gas, rare metals, and precious metals
shall be regulated separately by the State Council. Enterprises with
foreign investment which have actually operated for a period of less than
ten years shall repay the amount of income tax exempted or reduced
already.
The relevant regulations, promulgated by the State Council before the
entry into force of this Law, which provide preferential treatment of
exemption from or reduction of income tax on enterprises engaged in
energy, communications, harbour, wharf and other major projects of a
production nature for a period longer than that specified in the preceding
paragraph, or which provide preferential treatment of exemption from or
reduction of income tax on enterprises engaged in major projects of a non-
production nature, shall remain applicable after this Law enters into
force.
Any enterprise with foreign investment which is engaged in agriculture,
forestry or animal husbandry and any other enterprise with foreign
investment which is established in remote underdeveloped areas may, upon
approval by the competent department for tax affairs under the State
Council of an application filed by the enterprise, be allowed a fifteen to
thirty percent reduction of the amount of income tax payable for a period
of another ten years following the expiration of the period for tax
exemption or reduction as provided for in the preceding two paragraphs.
After this Law enters into force, any modification to the provisions of
the preceding three paragraphs of this Article on the exemption from or
reduction of income tax on enterprises shall be submitted by the State
Council to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for
decision.
Article 9
The exemption from or reduction of local income tax on any enterprise with
foreign investment which operates in an industry or undertakes a project
encouraged by the State shall, in accordance with the actual situation, be
at the discretion of the people's government of the relevant province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.
Article 10
Any foreign investor of an enterprise with foreign investment which
reinvests its share of profit obtained from the enterprise directly into
that enterprise by increasing its registered capital, or uses the profit
as capital investment to establish other enterprises with foreign
investment to operate for a period of not less than five years shall, upon
approval by the tax authorities of an application filed by the investor,
be refunded forty percent of the income tax already paid on the reinvested
amount. Where regulations of the State Council provide otherwise in
respect of preferential treatment, such provisions shall apply. If the
investor withdraws its reinvestment before the expiration of a period of
five years, it shall repay the refunded tax.
Article 11
Losses incurred in a tax year by any enterprise with foreign investment
and by an establishment or a place set up in China by a foreign enterprise
to engage in production or business operations may be made up by the
income of the following tax year. Should the income of the following tax
year be insufficient to make up for the said losses, the balance may be
made up by its income of the further subsequent year, and so on, over a
period not exceeding five years.
Article 12
Any enterprise with foreign investment shall be allowed, when filing a
consolidated income tax return, to deduct from the amount of tax payable
the foreign income tax already paid abroad in respect of the income
derived from sources outside China. The deductible amount shall, however,
not exceed the amount of income tax otherwise payable under this Law in
respect of the income derived from sources outside China.
Article 13
The payment or receipt of charges or fees in business transactions between
an enterprise with foreign investment or an establishment or a place set
up in China by a foreign enterprise to engage in production or business
operations, and its associated enterprises, shall be made in the same
manner as the payment or receipt of charges or fees in business
transactions between independent enterprises. Where the payment or receipt
of charges or fees is not made in the same manner as in business
transactions between independent enterprises and results in a reduction of
the taxable income, the tax authorities shall have the right to make
reasonable adjustment.
Article 14
Where an enterprise with foreign investment or an establishment or a place
set up in China by a foreign enterprise to engage in production or
business operations is established, moves to a new site, merges with
another enterprise, breaks up, winds up or makes a change in any of the
main entries of registration, it shall present the relevant documents to
and go through tax registration or a change or cancellation in
registration with the local tax authorities after the relevant event is
registered, or a change or cancellation in registration is made with the
administrative agency for industry and commerce.
Article 15
Income tax on enterprises and local income tax shall be computed on an
annual basis and paid in advance in quarterly instalments. Such payments
shall be made within fifteen days from the end of each quarter and the
final settlement shall be made within five months from the end of each tax
year. Any excess payment shall be refunded and any deficiency shall be
repaid.
Article 16
Any enterprise with foreign investment and any establishment or place set
up in China by a foreign enterprise to engage in production or business
operations shall file its quarterly provisional income tax return in
respect of advance payments with the local tax authorities within the
period for each advance payment of tax, and it shall file an annual income
tax return together with the final accounting statements within four
months from the end of the tax year.
Article 17
Any enterprise with foreign investment and any establishment or place set
up in China by a foreign enterprise to engage in production or business
operations shall report its financial and accounting systems to the local
tax authorities for reference. All accounting records must be complete and
accurate, with legitimate vouchers as the basis for entries.
If the financial and accounting bases adopted by an enterprise with
foreign investment and an establishment or a place set up in China by a
foreign enterprise to engage in production or business operations
contradict the relevant regulations on tax of the State Council, tax
payment shall be computed in accordance with the relevant regulations on
tax of the State Council.
Article 18
When any enterprise with foreign investment goes into liquidation, and if
the balance of its net assets or the balance of its remaining property
after deduction of the enterprise's undistributed profit, various funds
and liquidation expenses exceeds the enterprise's paid-in capital, the
excess portion shall be liquidation income on which income tax shall be
paid in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 19
Any foreign enterprise which has no establishment or place in China but
derives profit, interest, rental, royalty and other income from sources in
China, or though it has an establishment or a place in China, the said
income is not effectively connected with such establishment or place,
shall pay an income tax of twenty percent on such income. For the payment
of income tax in accordance with the provisions of the preceding
paragraph, the income beneficiary shall be the taxpayer and the payer
shall be the withholding agent. The tax shall be withheld from the amount
of each payment by the payer. The withholding agent shall, within five
days, turn the amount of taxes withheld on each payment over to the State
Treasury and submit a withholding income tax return to the local tax
authorities.
Income tax shall be exempted or reduced on the following income:
(1) the profit derived by a foreign investor from an enterprise with
foreign investment shall be exempted from income tax;
(2) income from interest on loans made to the Chinese government or
Chinese State banks by international financial organizations shall be
exempted from income tax;
(3) income from interest on loans made at a preferential interest rate to
Chinese State banks by foreign banks shall be exempted from income tax;
and
(4) income tax of the royalty received for the supply of technical know-
how in scientific research, exploitation of energy resources, development
of the communications industries, agricultural, forestry and animal
husbandry production, and the development of important technologies may,
upon approval by the competent department for tax affairs under the State
Council, be levied at the reduced rate of ten percent. Where the
technology supplied is advanced or the terms are preferential, exemption
from income tax may be allowed.
Apart from the aforesaid provisions of this Article, if preferential
treatment in respect of reduction of or exemption from income tax on
profit, interest, rental, royalty and other income is required, it shall
be regulated by the State Council.
Article 20
The tax authorities shall have the right to inspect the financial,
accounting and tax affairs of enterprises with foreign investment and
establishments or places set up in China by foreign enterprises to engage
in production or business operations, and have the right to inspect tax
withholding of the withholding agent and its payment of the withheld tax
into the State Treasury. The entities and the withholding agents being so
inspected must report the facts and provide relevant information. They may
not refuse to report or conceal any facts.
When making an inspection, the tax officials shall produce their identity
documents and be responsible for confidentiality.
Article 21
Income tax payable according to this Law shall be computed in terms of
Renminbi (RMB). Income in foreign currency shall be converted into
Renminbi according to the exchange rate quoted by the State exchange
control authorities for purposes of tax payment.
Article 22
If any taxpayer fails to pay tax within the prescribed time limit, or if
the withholding agent fails to turn over the tax withheld within the
prescribed time limit, the tax authorities shall, in addition to setting a
new time limit for tax payment, impose a surcharge for overdue payment,
equal to 0.2 percent of the overdue tax for each day in arrears, starting
from the first day the payment becomes overdue.
Article 23
The tax authorities shall set a new time limit for registration or
submission of documents and may impose a fine of five thousand yuan or
less on any taxpayer or withholding agent which fails to go through tax
registration or make a change or cancellation in registration with the tax
authorities within the prescribed time limit, or fails to submit income
tax return, final accounting statements or withholding income tax return
to the tax authorities within the prescribed time limit, or fails to
report its financial and accounting systems to the tax authorities for
reference. Where the tax authorities have set a new time limit for
registration or submission of documents, they shall impose a fine of ten
thousand yuan or less on the taxpayer or withholding agent which again
fails to meet the time limit for going through registration or making a
change in registration with the tax authorities, or for submitting income
tax return, final accounting statements or withholding income tax return
to the tax authorities. Where the circumstances are serious, the legal
representative and the person directly responsible shall be investigated
for criminal responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of
Article 121 of the Criminal Law.
Article 24
Where the withholding agent fails to fulfil its obligation to withhold tax
as provided in this Law, and does not withhold or withholds an amount less
than that should have been withheld, the tax authorities shall set a time
limit for the payment of the amount of tax that should have been withheld,
and may impose a fine up to but not exceeding one hundred percent of the
amount of tax that should have been withheld. Where the withholding agent
fails to turn the tax withheld over to the State Treasury within the
prescribed time limit, the tax authorities shall set a time limit for
turning over the taxes and may impose a fine of five thousand yuan or less
on the withholding agent; if the withholding agent fails to meet the time
limit again, the tax authorities shall pursue the taxes according to law
and may impose a fine of ten thousand yuan or less on the withholding
agent. If the circumstances are serious, the legal representative and the
person directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the provisions of Article 121
of the Criminal Law.
Article 25
Where any person evades tax by deception or concealment or fails to pay
tax within the time limit prescribed by this Law and, after the tax
authorities pursued the payment of tax, fails again to pay it within the
prescribed time limit, the tax authorities shall, in addition to
recovering the tax which should have been paid, impose a fine up to but
not exceeding five hundred percent of the amount of tax which should have
been paid. Where the circumstances are serious, the legal representative
and the person directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 121 of the
Criminal Law.
Article 26
Any enterprise with foreign investment, foreign enterprise or withholding
agent, in case of a dispute with the tax authorities on payment of tax,
must pay tax according to the relevant regulations first. Thereafter, the
taxpayer or withholding agent may, within sixty days from the date of
receipt of the tax payment certificate issued by the tax authorities,
apply to the tax authorities at the next higher level for reconsideration.
The higher tax authorities shall make a decision within sixty days after
receipt of the application for reconsideration. If the taxpayer or
withholding agent is not satisfied with the decision, it may institute
legal proceedings in the people's court within fifteen days from the date
of receipt of the notification on decision made after reconsideration.
If the party concerned is not satisfied with the decision on punishment by
the tax authorities, it may, within fifteen days from the date of receipt
of the notification on punishment, apply for reconsideration to the tax
authorities at the next higher level than that which made the decision on
punishment. Where the party is not satisfied with the decision made after
reconsideration, it may institute legal proceedings in the people's court
within fifteen days from the date of receipt of the decision made after
reconsideration. The party concerned may, however, directly institute
legal proceedings in the people's court within fifteen days from the date
of receipt of the notification on punishment. If the party concerned
neither applies for reconsideration to the higher tax authorities, nor
institutes legal proceedings in the people's court within the time limit,
nor complies with the decision on punishment, the tax authorities which
made the decision on punishment may apply to the people's court for
compulsory execution.
Article 27
Where any enterprise with foreign investment which was established before
the promulgation of this Law would, in accordance with the provisions of
this Law, otherwise be subject to higher tax rates or enjoy less
preferential treatment of tax exemption or reduction than before the entry
into force of this Law, in respect to such enterprise, within its approved
period of operation, the law and relevant regulations of the State Council
in effect before the entry into force of this Law shall apply. If any such
enterprise has no approved period of operation, the law and relevant
regulations of the State Council in effect before the entry into force of
this Law shall apply within the period prescribed by the State Council.
Specific measures shall be drawn up by the State Council.
Article 28
Where the provisions of a tax agreement concluded between the government
of the People's Republic of China and a foreign government are different
from the provisions of this Law, the provisions of the agreement shall
prevail.
Article 29
Rules for implementation shall be formulated by the State Council in
accordance with this Law.
Article 30
This Law shall enter into force on July 1, 1991. The Income Tax Law of the
People's Republic of China for Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and
the Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China for Foreign
Enterprises shall be annulled as of the same date.



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