市人民政府办公室关于印发遵义市煤炭价格调节基金征收管理工作考核奖励办法的通知
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市人民政府办公室关于印发遵义市煤炭价格调节基金征收管理工作考核奖励办法的通知
遵府办发〔2005〕59号
市人民政府办公室关于印发遵义市煤炭价格调节基金征收管理工作考核奖励办法的通知
仁怀市、赤水市、遵义县、桐梓县、习水县、道真县人民政府，市政府有关工作部门：
《遵义市煤炭价格调节基金征收管理工作考核奖励办法》已经市人民政府同意，现印发给你们，请认真遵照执行。
二○○五年五月十八日
遵义市煤炭价格调节基金征收
管理工作考核奖励办法
为进一步调动各有关方面的积极性，切实规范和加强煤炭价格调节基金的征收管理工作，确保完成省下达我市的煤炭价格调节基金征收任务。根据《贵州省煤炭价格调节基金征集使用管理办法》和《贵州省煤炭价格调节基金征集使用管理办法实施细则》，特制定本办法。
一、目标和范围
市人民政府对有关县、区（市）完成煤炭价格调节基金征收情况纳入全年目标责任考核内容。以年初市人民政府下达到有关县、区（市）的全年煤炭价格调节基金征收计划为考核目标。有关县、区（市）人民政府和市煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会成员单位为被考核对象。
二、考核的主要内容
有关县、区（市）完成当年煤炭价格调节基金征收任务，并完成其它管理指标得100分。其中：征收任务70分，基金解缴20分，统计报表5分，财务管理5分。未完成征收任务和未足额上缴基金的单位由市财政局根据实际情况进行预算扣缴，并不能参与评奖。
1、征收任务
有关县、区（市）完成全年征收煤炭价格调节基金征收任务得70分，未完成任务按比例扣分。
当年得分=实际完成数（万元）/全年任务数（万元）×100%×７0分
2、基金解缴
有关县、区（市）煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会办公室应按时按比例将征收的煤炭价格调节基金分别解缴省、市级煤炭价格调节基金专户，发生挤占、挪用等情况取消奖励资格，少缴扣10分，缓缴扣5分。
3、统计报表
有关县、区（市）煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会办公室应按月准时、真实报送征收统计报表。对不报的取消评奖资格，迟报、缺报、数据不准等每项扣１分，扣完5分为止。
4、财务管理
根据《贵州省煤炭价格调节基金征集使用管理办法》规定，有关县（市）煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会办公室应设立煤炭价格调节基金专户，基金收入纳入财政预算外专户管理，违反该规定，缺一项扣１分，扣完5分为止；征收煤炭价格调节基金要统一使用省财政厅印制的专用票据，未使用专用票据的取消评奖资格。
三、奖励资金来源
按照市人民政府年初下达的征收任务，年终依据本办法对有关县、区（市）人民政府和市煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会成员单位进行考核奖励。由市煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会从本级留存的煤炭价格调节基金中提取2%和超额上缴市级部份提取10%作为奖励资金。
四、有关县、区（市）可参照本办法制定考核奖励办法。
五、本办法由市煤炭价格调节基金管理委员会办公室负责解释。
六、本《奖励办法》自发文之日起执行。
二00五年五月十八日
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大千世界，无奇不有，有奇事发生并不一定能成为奇闻，这就突显信息传递方式的重要性。网络时代的来临，使每天发生在世界各个角落的奇事有了数以亿计的读者，从而使奇事突破了它发生地域的狭小空间成为奇闻，奇闻改变了奇事所影响人群的观念看法、知识结构和行为方式，当奇事所揭示的因果关系为人们所认知、理解和接纳时，将对人们的行为提供合理的预期和课加必要的义务。奇事之所以为奇，是因为该事件第一次发生或者被很少的人群所认知，某些奇事发生会直接引起一定的危害结果，那么，这些引起奇事发生的行为人是否构成犯罪、构成何种犯罪，当行为人在明知其引起危害后果后不及时进行危害后果扩大的预防和必要的补求，对于危害后果的扩大，行为人是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪；在奇事被大范围传播后，其再次发生的可能性已经能够为人们所预知和控制时，当同样的事再次发生后，行为人是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪，当行为人在明知其引起危害后果后不及时进行危害后果扩大的预防和必要的补求，对于危害后果的扩大，行为人是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪。下文笔者就一件奇闻为例，对上述问题进行规范化的分析、体系性的论述和类型化的认定。
一、奇闻实例简摘
4月12日，大秦网转载了《风筝线成“凶器”女子路过被缠住割伤脖子》的文章，【1】大致内容为：一男一女在新城广场路边放风筝，风筝挂在了公交车上，风筝线缠住了正在自行车道行驶的李女士脖子，致使李女士脖子出现了长达十几厘米的伤口并往外渗血，而放风筝人在看到致人受伤和听到伤者求救后溜之大吉，赶来的丈夫看到妻子伤得严重，就带着李女士到公安新城分局新城广场派出所报了案，幸好风筝线没有伤及李女士的动脉血管，没有危及到生命。该事件一出，记着采访新城广场放风筝人问风筝有多大杀伤力，而放风筝人认为“没有危险”，面对已经发生的危险，紧到底有多大？网友用香蕉和黄瓜做实验测试紧绷风筝线的杀伤力，发现这些水果很轻松就被紧绷的风筝线割断。而李女士说，风筝的线特别细，视力再好的人一般也看不到，希望自己的经历可以给放风筝的人提个醒，放风筝到公园，在马路边实在太危险。
该文章现已被中国日报网、法治网、华商网等多家网站和报纸刊载。
二、行为性质分析
由于李女士已经向派出所报案，那么，行为人在马路上放风筝，风筝线致人脖子受伤的行为是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪；在行为人明知风筝线致使李女士脖子处十几厘米的伤口向外渗血，并且听到李女士向其求救后，行为人溜之大吉的行为是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪。由于报道所载的事实不是十分清楚，并且不能够作为法院查明的事实，因此，笔者出于论述的方便和研究的需要根据我国犯罪构成要件理论对以下内容做出假设：
1、放风筝人具有刑事责任能力，即行为人构成犯罪和承担刑事责任所必需的，行为人具有的刑法意义上辨认和控制自己行为的能力。【2】
2、由于李女士在脖子处有十几厘米的伤口，且报道称受伤严重，因此，本文暂认定李女士的伤情为重伤。
3、本文不考虑溜之大吉的一男一女是否存在共同犯罪的问题，暂且认定为一个行为人。
（一）致人重伤的行为是否构成犯罪
不论是根据四要件的犯罪构成理论，还是根据三阶层或两阶层的犯罪成立理论，该案认定行为人是否构成犯罪的关键之处在于行为人对致人受伤的行为和危害后果是否持故意或者过失的状态。
根据《刑法》第14条规定，犯罪故意是指行为人明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生的一种心理态度。在古天乐主演的电影《意外》中，古天乐为了帮助委托人使其父死于意外以骗取保险金，将风筝放置于高压线上，利用雨天环境致人死亡就是具有直接犯罪故意的表现。本例中，由于行为人只是为了放风筝娱乐，对致人受伤的行为内容、行为性质、危害结果显然不具有明知，因此，应当排除行为人在主观具有故意。
根据《刑法》第15条规定，犯罪过失是指行为人应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果，因为疏忽大意而没有预见，或者已经预见而轻信能够避免的一种心理态度。犯罪过失可以分为过于自信的过失和疏忽大意的过失；同时，过失犯罪只有在刑法有规定时才成立。在本例中，行为人对放风筝时风筝线致人受伤的行为和后果是否应当具备预见能力和具有注意义务，理论上存在主观说、客观说和折中说，黎宏教授在评判了三种学说观点后认为：在有无预见能力的判断上，应当以“行为人所属领域的一般人”为标准。【3】几乎每个人都放过风筝，3月31日大秦网转载了《清明跟“春风握握手” 西安放风筝六大好去处》的文章，【4】虽然都是些空旷处但也有城墙、湖水等容易发生危险的地方，因此，从一般人的生活常识来看，除非故意使风筝成为凶器外风筝应当没有杀伤力；从报道来看，新城广场虽为广场但面积不大，风筝很容易落到广场以外的地方，在该地放风筝的人认为“没有危险”，由于以前没有发生或者发生去不为人所知的这种实实在在危险，如果要求行为人去履行结果预见义务或者履行结果回避义务似有不妥，因此，行为人是否应当具备预见能力和具有注意义务存在疑问，根据在事实认定上存疑时有利于行为人的理论，应当认定行为人不具有过失。
综上所述，笔者认为行为人出于娱乐放风筝而风筝线致人受伤的行为不构成犯罪；即使造成受害人当场死亡或者经及时救助仍然死亡时也不应认定行为人构成犯罪。
（二）危害后果扩大的刑事责任探讨
本例中只报道了李女士受伤，但李女士在脖子处有十几厘米的伤口在渗血，而且行为人听到了李女士的求救，但行为人仍溜之大吉，由于受害人没有发生因得不到及时救助而出现其他后果，行为人溜之大吉的行为不能称为逃逸，行为人不构成犯罪，但无疑会受到道德否定、舆论谴责和人格非难。
本例中，风筝线没有伤及李女士的动脉血管，但如果风筝线致使受害人颈部动脉血管受伤，而行为人明知自己行为造成他人颈部受伤，选择逃逸却不及时救助受害人，致使受害人死亡的，行为人将因不履行其作为义务而构成犯罪。
我国《刑法》对不作为犯的内容及成立条件未作明文规定，虽然理论界对不作为犯的定义也众说纷纭，但对于本例均可适用。不作为是指行为人在能够履行自己应尽义务的情况下不履行该义务。【5】不作为义务的发生根据有法律明文规定的义务、职责要求的义务、法律行为引起的义务和先前行为引起的义务。本例中，风筝线致人受伤的行为是先前行为，如果行为人明知自己的行为致使人受伤而逃逸，受害人因得不到及时的救助而死亡的，行为人因不履行其先前行为引起的作为义务构成不作为犯罪，构成故意杀人罪。由于行为人没有积极追求被害人死亡的结果，而害怕负责的心理致使其选择逃逸，对受害人是否死亡持放任的心理状态，因此，构成间接的故意杀人罪。如果受害人得到其他人的及时救助而没有发生死亡的后果，行为人是否成立故意杀人罪的未遂犯，我国刑法理论认为间接故意犯罪一般不存在未遂形态。
犯罪成立的认定应当遵循由客观认定再到主观认定的过程，本例中风筝线并没有伤及李女士的动脉血管，行为人溜之大吉的行为根本不可能致使李女士遭受其他严重后果，因此，行为人不成立犯罪。
三、本例意义探讨
文章中清醒了告诉人们马路边放风筝的危险实实在在发生了，而且网友也做了风筝线杀伤力大小的测试，虽然行为人致人脖子受伤的行为和溜之大吉的行为并不构成犯罪，但是当这种事件再次发生后，行为人是不是依然不构成犯罪，笔者认为行为人在满足过失犯罪所成立所必须的除主观要素以外的要素后将成立犯罪。
上文已述，在满足笔者假设了的主体和结果要素时，行为人仍不构成犯罪。因为对于行为人主观要素的判断不论是采用主观说还是采用客观说（折中说是变相的主观说）均不能认定行为人具有主观上的可非难性。人们认为风筝线伤人是件很吃惊奇事，而这种令人吃惊的奇事在经过多家媒体传播后，已经使人们认识、理解和接受了风筝具有杀伤力的事实，从而在事实的基础改变了人们的常识：对放风筝所引起的危害后果需要具有一定的预见能力和注意义务，否则将使他人的生命健康处于危险之中。因为每个人都有放风筝的可能，不论是从社会上一般人的能力为标准，还是“行为人所属领域的一般人（即实际放风筝人群）”为标准，行为人均具有主观上的过失态度。
如果行为人明知自己的过失行为致使受害人处于危及生命的状态，若经过行为人及时的救助仍致使死亡的应认定为过失致人死亡罪，没有发生死亡但是发生重伤后果的应认定为过失致人重伤罪；若行为人不对受害人进行积极救助致使受害人死亡的应认定为故意杀人罪。
四、结语
放风筝的行为是我国自古有之的娱乐方式，实践中，存在一些利用风筝积极追求自身目的的犯罪行为，除了对这些应当加以法律否定、刑事制裁和社会防御的行为外，风筝没有杀伤力，这是人们所确信的常识。在这种认识环境和知识支配下，因在马路边放风筝致人重伤或死亡的情形应当认定为意外事件排除刑法的适用。但是，当在马路边放风筝而实实在在的危险后，这种危险又经过网络的传播为大多数人群所知晓、了解和接受，从而在危险事实存在的基础上冲击着人们的固有观念、更新了人们的知识结构和约束了人们的行为方式，风筝的杀伤力是可以预见的，如果放风筝者不去履行结果回避义务或者结果预见义务，那么，在具备其他法律规定的构成要件要素后，行为人完全可能构成犯罪。因此，笔者认为：网络时代的来临使以前不能成立犯罪的行为在危险被大范围传播并为人们所认知后，再次发生的与以前行为相同的行为可能将构成犯罪。
人民银行
上海外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构管理办法(附英文)
人民银行
一九九0年九月七日国务院批准
第一章 总则
第一条 为了适应上海市对外开放和经济发展的需要，加强和完善外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的管理，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构是指依照本办法和中华人民共和国其他法律、法规的规定，经批准设立、登记注册和营业的下列机构：
（一）总行设在上海市的外国资本的银行（以下简称外资银行）；
（二）外国资本的银行在上海市设立的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）；
（三）外国资本的金融机构同中国资本的金融机构在上海市合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）；
（四）外国资本的金融机构同中国资本的金融机构在上海市合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）。
第三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构必须遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法规，其正当业务活动和合法权益受中华人民共和国法律保护。
第四条 中国人民银行是审批、管理和监督外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的主管机关；中国人民银行授权上海市分行对外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构进行日常管理和监督。
第二章 设立与登记
第五条 申请设立外资银行应当具备下列条件：
（一）投资者为金融机构；
（二）在中国境内已经设立代表机构三年以上；
（三）申请设立外资银行前一年年末资产总额在一百亿美元以上。
第六条 申请设立外资银行分行应当具备下列条件：
（一）在中国境内已经设立代表机构三年以上；
（二）申请设立外资银行分行前一年年末资产总额在二百亿美元以上；
（三）其所在国或者地区有完善的金融监管制度。
第七条 申请设立合资银行、合资财务公司应当具备下列条件：
（一）合资各方均为金融机构；
（二）外方投资者在中国境内设有代表机构。
第八条 设立外资银行，应当由投资者向中国人民银行提出申请，并提交下列证件、资料：
（一）设立外资银行的申请书，其内容包括：拟设银行的名称，注册资本和实收资本额，申请经营的业务种类等；
（二）可行性研究报告；
（三）最近三年的资产、负债状况的报告及有关证明文件；
（四）拟设银行的章程草案；
（五）所在国或者地区有关主管当局核发给投资者的营业执照（副本）；
（六）中国人民银行要求提交的其他证件、资料。
第九条 设立外资银行分行，应当由其总行向中国人民银行提出申请，并提交下列证件、资料：
（一）由董事长或者总经理签署的申请书，其内容包括：拟设分行的名称，总行拨给的营运资金数额，申请经营的业务种类等；
（二）最近三年的年报；
（三）所在国或者地区有关主管当局核发给申请设立分行的银行的营业执照（副本）；
（四）中国人民银行要求提交的其他证件、资料。
第十条 设立合资银行或者合资财务公司，应当由合资各方共同向中国人民银行提出申请，并提交下列证件、资料：
（一）设立合资机构的申请书，其内容包括：拟设合资机构的名称，合资各方名称，注册资本和实收资本额，合资各方出资比例，申请经营的业务种类等；
（二）合资各方共同编制的可行性研究报告；
（三）由合资各方授权代表草签的合资经营协议、合同以及拟设机构的章程草案；
（四）合资各方最近三年的资产、负债状况的报告及有关证明文件；
（五）所在国或者地区有关主管当局核发给合资各方的营业执照（副本）；
（六）中国人民银行要求提交的其他证件、资料。
第十一条 本办法第八、九、十条中所列证件、资料，除年报外，凡用外文书写的，均须附具中文译本。
第十二条 设立申请经中国人民银行审查同意后，发给申请者正式申请表。
正式申请表填写后，向中国人民银行提出正式申请，申请文件包括：
（一）由申请者法定代表或者授权代表签字的正式申请表（一式三份）；
（二）拟设机构主要负责人名单和简历；
（三）对拟任该机构主要负责人的授权书；
（四）设立外资银行分行的，其总行对该分行承担税务、债务的责任担保书；
（五）其他资料。
第十三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当在接到中国人民银行批准证书后三十天内，依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规规定，向工商行政管理机关办理登记注册，领取营业执照，并应当依法自开业之日起三十天内向税务机关办理税务登记。
第十四条 已经批准的外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当在领取营业执照后，向国家外汇管理局申领《经营外汇业务许可证》。
第十五条 已经批准的外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构自接到中国人民银行批准证书之日起十二个月内未营业者，原批准文件自动失效。
第十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构有下列情况之一的，须经中国人民银行核准：
（一）投资股本的调整、转让；
（二）变更营业场所；
（三）更换董事长（副董事长）、行长（副行长）、总经理（副总经理）、分行长（副分行长）；
（四）在境外设立分支机构。
第三章 注册资本和营运资金
第十七条 外资银行、合资银行的最低注册资本为三千万美元等值的自由兑换货币，合资财务公司的最低注册资本为二千万美元等值的自由兑换货币；其实收资本均不得低于其注册资本的50％。
外资银行分行应当由其总行专门拨给不少于一千万美元等值的自由兑换货币的营运资金。
第十八条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当在接到中国人民银行批准证书之后三十天内，筹足其实收资本或者营运资金，由中国注册会计师验证并出具证明。
第十九条 外资银行、合资银行、合资财务公司须每年从其税后净利润中提取25％的资金补充资本金，直至其实收资本加储备金的总额达到其注册资本的二倍。
外资银行分行须每年将税后净利润的25％保留在中国境内，用以补充营运资金，直至该保留盈利等于该行营运资金。
第四章 业务范围
第二十条 根据申请，中国人民银行批准外资银行、合资银行、外资银行分行经营下列业务的部分或者全部：
（一）外币存款；
（二）外币放款；
（三）外币票据贴现；
（四）外币投资；
（五）外币汇款；
（六）外汇担保；
（七）进出口结算；
（八）自营或者代客买卖外汇；
（九）外币有价证券买卖；
（十）代理外币及外币票据兑换；
（十一）代理外币信用卡付款；
（十二）保管及保管箱；
（十三）资信调查和咨询；
（十四）经批准的其他业务。
第二十一条 根据申请，中国人民银行批准合资财务公司经营下列业务的部分或者全部：
（一）外币放款；
（二）外币票据贴现；
（三）外币投资；
（四）外汇担保；
（五）外币有价证券买卖；
（六）资信调查和咨询；
（七）外币信托；
（八）每笔不少于十万美元、期限为三个月以上的外币存款；
（九）经批准的其他业务。
第二十二条 本章所称外币存款是指以外币表示的下列存款：
（一）境内外同业存款；
（二）境外的非同业存款；
（三）中国境内的外国人的存款；
（四）华侨和香港、澳门、台湾同胞的存款；
（五）外商投资企业存款；
（六）外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构对非外商投资企业贷款的转存款；
（七）经批准的其他存款。
第二十三条 外资银行、合资银行、外资银行分行在办理进出口结算业务时，服务对象为境内外商投资企业和有进出口经营权的非外商投资企业。但办理非外商投资企业的进口结算业务的，该项进口所需资金应当来自本银行的贷款。
第五章 业务管理
第二十四条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构经营存款业务，应当向中国人民银行上海市分行缴存存款准备金，其比率由中国人民银行制定，并根据需要进行调整。存款准备金不计利息。
第二十五条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构对一个企业及其关联企业的放款，不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的30％，但经中国人民银行特许的除外。
第二十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的投资总额不得超过其实收资本加储备金额的30％，但经中国人民银行批准投资于金融企业的除外。
第二十七条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的总资产不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的二十倍。
第二十八条 外资银行分行的营运资金的30％应当以中国人民银行指定的生息资产形式存在，包括在中国人民银行指定的银行存款等。
第二十九条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的房地产不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的25％，其他固定资产不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的15％。
第三十条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当确保其资产的流动性。
第三十一条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构从中国境内吸收的存款不得超过该机构在中国境内的总资产的40％。
第三十二条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当按规定保留适当的呆帐准备金。
第三十三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的外币存、放款利率及各种手续费率，通过同业公会协商确定或者参照国际市场行情制定，报中国人民银行上海市分行核准。
第三十四条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构依法纳税后的利润，应当按照规定提取储备基金、职工奖励基金、福利基金和企业发展基金。
第三十五条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当至少聘用一名中国公民为高层管理人员。
外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的高层管理人员不得兼任其他经济组织的重要职务。
第三十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当固定聘用中国注册会计师，并经中国人民银行上海市分行认可。
第六章 监督检查
第三十七条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当建立完善的内部稽核制度，增强自我约束的能力。
第三十八条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构须按规定向中国人民银行报送财务和业务报表。
第三十九条 中国人民银行及其上海市分行有权检查、稽核外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的业务和财务状况。
第七章 解散与清算
第四十条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构自行终止业务活动，须在终止前三十天以书面形式向中国人民银行提出申请，经中国人民银行批准后予以解散并进行清算。
第四十一条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构无力偿付其债务的，中国人民银行可令其停业，限期清理。在清理期限内，已恢复偿付能力的机构，需要复业的，须向中国人民银行提出申请。
第四十二条 自行终止业务活动和依法被停业的外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构，其解散和清算事项，须按照中华人民共和国有关规定办理。
第四十三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构进行清理，须在依法缴清税款和清偿全部债务后，方可退还股本、分配股利。
第四十四条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构清算完毕，应当在规定期限内向原登记机关办理注销登记。
第八章 罚则
第四十五条 违反本办法第二章规定，擅自设立外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的，中国人民银行有权责令其停业，没收其非法所得，处以五万元以上、十万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法第四章规定，超越批准业务范围从事经营的，中国人民银行及其上海市分行有权责令其停止所超越部分的经营活动，依法没收其超越部分的非法所得，处以一万元以上、五万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十七条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法第五章规定，中国人民银行及其上海市分行有权责令其纠正、调整或者补足，并根据情节处以五千元以上、三万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十八条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法第六章规定，未按期报送报表或者抗拒监督检查的，中国人民银行及其上海市分行可视其情节给予警告、通报或者处以三千元以上、一万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十九条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法，情节严重的，中国人民银行可责令其停业直至撤销机构。
外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反其他法律、法规的，由有关主管机关依法予以处罚。
第九章 附则
第五十条 本办法对华侨资本和香港、澳门、台湾地区资本的金融机构，比照适用。
第五十一条 本办法发布施行前，已在上海市的外资银行分行，应当依照本办法的规定补办设立和登记手续；不符合本办法有关规定的，由中国人民银行上海市分行指定期限令其调整。
第五十二条 本办法由中国人民银行负责解释。中国人民银行可以根据本办法制定具体规定。
第五十三条 本办法自发布之日起施行。(附英文)
MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN-CAPITAL FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS AND CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INTHE SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN-CAPITAL FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS AND CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN
THE SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY
(Approved by the State Council on September 7, 1990 and promul-
gated by Decree No. 2 of the People's Bank of China on September 8, 1990)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Measures are formulated for the purpose of meeting the needs of
opening to the outside world and the economic development of the Shanghai
Municipality, strengthening and perfecting the administration of foreign-
capital financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institutions.
Article 2
The term "foreign-capital financial institutions and Chinese-foreign
equity joint financial institutions", referred to in these Measures,
denotes the following institutions which are established with approval and
registered to engage in business operations in accordance with these
Measures and with the pertinent provisions of other laws and regulations
of the People's Republic of China:
1) foreign-capital banks with their head offices established in the
Shanghai Municipality (hereinafter referred to as "foreign bank");
2) branches of foreign banks established in the Shanghai Municipality
(hereinafter referred to as "foreign branch bank");
3) banks established in the Shanghai Municipality with joint capital and
operation by foreign financial institutions and Chinese financial
institutions (hereinafter referred to as "joint bank"); and
4) financial companies established in the Shanghai Municipality with joint
capital and operation by foreign financial institutions and Chinese
financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as "joint financial
company").
Article 3
Foreign-capital financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institutions shall abide by the laws and regulations of the
People's Republic of China and their legitimate business activities and
lawful rights and interests shall be protected by Chinese laws.
Article 4
The People's Bank of China is the competent authority in charge of
examining and approving, administering, and supervising foreign-capital
financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institutions. The People's Bank of China authorizes its Shanghai Branch to
exercise day-to-day administration and supervision of foreign-capital
financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institutions.
Chapter II Establishment and Registration
Article 5
Any party applying for the approval to set up a foreign bank shall satisfy
the following requirements:
1) the investor is a financial institution;
2) the applicant has a representative office of more than three years'
standing inside China; and
3) the applicant possesses total assets of more than US$ 10 billion at the
end of the year prior to the submission of such an application.
Article 6
Any party applying for the approval to set up a foreign branch bank shall
satisfy the following requirements:
1) the applicant has a representative office of more than three years'
standing inside China;
2) the applicant possesses total assets of more than US$ 20 billion at the
end of the year prior to the submission of such an application; and
3) in the home country or region of the applicant, there is a sound system
for financial administration and supervision.
Article 7
Parties applying for the approval to set up a joint bank or a joint
financial company shall satisfy the following requirements:
1) each investing party to a joint bank or joint financial company is a
financial institution; and
2) the foreign investor has a representative office inside China.
Article 8
For a foreign bank to be set up, the foreign investor shall apply to the
People's Bank of China and submit the following documents and data:
1) an application for the establishment thereof, which shall include the
name of the intended bank, the registered capital and the amount of the
paid-in capital, and the types of business operations the bank intends to
engage in;
2) a feasibility study report;
3) the statements of assets and liabilities of the investor during the
three successive years prior to the submission of such an application,
together with the relevant certifying documents;
4) the draft articles of association of the intended bank;
5) a copy of the business licence of the investor approved and issued by
the competent authority concerned in the home country or region of the
investor; and
6) other documents and data as required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 9
For a foreign branch bank to be set up, the head office of the foreign
bank concerned shall apply to the People's Bank of China and submit the
following documents and data: 1) an application duly signed by the
chairman of the board of directors or the general manager of the bank,
which shall include the name of the intended branch bank, the amount of
operating funds approved and allocated by the head office, and the types
of business operations the branch bank intends to engage in;
2) annual reports for the three successive years prior to the submission
of such an application;
3) a copy of the business licence of the applying bank approved and issued
by the competent authorities of the home country or region of the applying
bank; and 4) other documents and data as required by the People's Bank of
China.
Article 10
For a joint bank or a joint financial company to be set up, all the
parties thereto shall jointly apply to the People's Bank of China and
submit the following documents and data:
1) an application for the establishment thereof, which shall include the
name of the intended joint financial institution, the name of each
investing party thereto, the registered capital and the amount of the
paid-in capital, the respective percentage of contributions by the
parties, and the types of business operations the joint financial
institution intends to engage in;
2) a feasibility study report jointly prepared by the parties thereto;
3) the agreement, the contract and the draft articles of association of
the joint financial institution initialled by the authorized
representative of each of the parties thereto;
4) the statements of assets and liabilities of each of the parties thereto
during the three successive years prior to the submission of such an
application, together with relevant supporting documents;
5) copies of the respective business licences of all the parties thereto
approved and issued by the competent authorities concerned of the home
country or region of each of the parties; and
6) other documents and data as required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 11
Any of the documents and data prescribed in Articles 8, 9 and 10 of these
Measures, with the exception of the annual reports, if written in a
foreign language, shall be submitted together with a Chinese translation
thereof.
Article 12
After the application for the approval of such establishment has been
examined and approved by the People's Bank of China, an official
application form shall be issued to the applicant(s).
The applicant(s) shall, after filling in the official application form,
formally apply to the People's Bank of China and shall submit the
following documents for the application:
1) the official application form duly signed by the legal
representative(s) of the applicant(s) or the representative(s) authorized
by the applicant(s) (which shall be submitted in triplicate);
2) a list of the principal persons in charge of the institution to be set
up and their respective curriculum vitae;
3) power(s) of attorney for the principal persons in charge of the
institution; 4) where a foreign branch bank is to be set up, letters of
undertaking issued by the head office assuming for its branch office the
obligations for tax payment and debt repayment; and
5) other relevant data.
Article 13
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall, within 30 days of receipt of the certificate
of approval issued by the People's Bank of China, undertake the procedures
of registration for the issuance of business licence with the
administrative department for industry and commerce in accordance with the
pertinent laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China and
shall, within 30 days of commencement of business operations, undertake
the procedures for tax registration with the tax authorities in accordance
with the law.
Article 14
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution whose establishment has been approved shall, after
obtaining the business licence, apply to the State Administration of
Foreign Exchange Control for the approval and issuance of a Licence for
Business Operations in Foreign Exchange.
Article 15
In the event that a foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-
foreign equity joint financial institution should fail to commence its
business operations within 12 months of receipt of the certificate of
approval issued by the People's Bank of China, the certificate of approval
shall automatically become null and void.
Article 16
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall apply to the People's Bank of China for
verification and approval in respect of any one of the following items:
1) adjustment and transfer of the investment capital stock;
2) change of the business site;
3) change of the chairman (or the vice-chairman) of the board of
directors, or the president (or the vice-president), the general manager
(or the deputy general manager), or the president (or vice-president) of a
branch office; and
4) establishment of a branch office outside China.
Chapter III Registered Capital and Operating Funds
Article 17
The minimum amount of the registered capital of a foreign bank or a joint
bank shall be freely convertible currencies equivalent to US$ 30 million.
The minimum amount of the registered capital of a joint financial company
shall be freely convertible currencies equivalent to US$ 20 million. Their
respective paid-in capital shall be no less than 50 percent of their
respective registered capital.
A foreign branch bank shall be allocated as its operating funds by its
head office a sum of freely convertible currencies equivalent to not less
than US$ 10 million.
Article 18
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall, within 30 days of receipt of the certificate
of approval issued by the People's Bank of China, raise in full the paid-
in capital operating funds, which shall be verified by a Chinese
registered accountant, who shall, upon verification, issue a certificate
to that effect.
Article 19
Each year, a foreign bank, a joint bank, or a joint financial company
shall allocate 25 percent of its after-tax net profit as supplementary
capital until the total amount of the paid-in capital and reserve funds is
twice that of the registered capital. Each year, a foreign branch bank
shall keep 25 percent of its after-tax net profit inside China to
supplement its operating funds until the kept profit is equal to its
operating funds.
Chapter IV Business Scope
Article 20
The People's Bank of China shall, based on the application submitted to
it, grant permission to a foreign bank, a joint bank, or a foreign branch
bank to engage in part or all of the following business operations:
1) deposits in foreign currencies;
2) loans in foreign currencies;
3) discounts of negotiable instruments in foreign currencies;
4) investments in foreign currencies;
5) remittances in foreign currencies;
6) guarantees of foreign exchange;
7) import and export settlement;
8) buying and selling of foreign exchange on its own account or on
customers' account; 9) buying and selling of securities in foreign
currencies;
10) acting as an agent for the exchange of foreign currencies and for the
cashing of negotiable instruments in foreign currencies;
11) acting as an agent for payments against credit cards in foreign
currencies; 12) custody and safe deposit box services;
13) credit and financial standing investigation and consultancy services;
and 14) other services approved.
Article 21
The People's Bank of China shall, based on the application submitted to
it, grant permission to a joint financial company to engage in part or all
of the following business operations:
1) loans in foreign currencies;
2) discounts of negotiable instruments in foreign currencies;
3) investments in foreign currencies;
4) guarantees of foreign exchange;
5) buying and selling of securities in foreign currencies;
6) credit and financial standing investigations and consultancy services;
7) trust in foreign currencies;
8) deposits in foreign currencies with each deposit amounting to not less
than US$ 100,000 for period of no less than three months; and
9) other services approved.
Article 22
The terms "deposits in foreign currencies" referred to in this Chapter
denotes the following deposits denominated in foreign currencies:
1) interbank deposits inside and outside China;
2) non-interbank deposits outside China;
3) deposits by foreigners inside China;
4) deposits by overseas Chinese and by compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao
and Taiwan; 5) deposits by enterprises with foreign investment;
6) deposits of loans granted by foreign-capital financial institutions or
Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institutions to enterprises other
than those with foreign investment; and
7) other kinds of deposits approved.
Article 23
In handling import and export settlement, foreign banks, joint banks or
foreign branch banks shall offer services only to enterprises with foreign
investment and those enterprises other than those with foreign investment
which are authorized to engage in import and export operations. But with
respect to import settlement with enterprises other than those with
foreign investment, the funds needed for the import in question shall have
come from the loans of the bank which is handling the settlement.
Chapter V Management of Business
Article 24
A foreign-capital institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institution which engages in deposit business operations shall place
deposit reserves with the Shanghai Branch of the People's Bank of China.
The ratios of the reserves as against various deposits shall be determined
by the People's Bank of China and shall be adjusted in accordance with the
actual needs. Such deposit reserves shall be interest-free.
Article 25
The total amount of loans which a foreign-capital financial institution or
a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution grants to any one
enterprise and its associated enterprises may not exceed 30 percent of the
sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves, with the
exception of loans specially approved by the People's Bank of China.
Article 26
The total amount of investments by a foreign-capital financial institution
or by a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution may not exceed
30 percent of the sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves,
with the exception of investments in financial enterprises approved by the
People's Bank of China.
Article 27
The total assets of a foreign-capital financial institution or of a
Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution may not exceed 20 times
the sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves.
Article 28
30 percent of the operating funds of a foreign branch bank shall be put by
in the form of interest-bearing assets as prescribed by the People's Bank
of China, which shall include depositing the said funds in a bank or banks
designated by the People's Republic of China.
Article 29
Real estate owned by a foreign-capital financial institution or by a
Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution may not exceed 25
percent of the sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves;
its other assets may not exceed 15 percent thereof.
Article 30
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall ensure the mobility of its assets.
Article 31
The total amount of deposits by sources inside China in a foreign-capital
financial institution or in a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institution may not exceed 40 percent of its total assets inside China.
Article 32
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall maintain proper reserves for bad debts in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 33
The interest rates of deposits and loans of a foreign-capital financial
institution or of a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution and
the various service charges shall be determined by the Bankers'
Association through consultation or be fixed in the light of the
international market and shall be submitted to the Shanghai Branch of the
People's Bank of China for approval.
Article 34
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions,
draw the reserve fund, the staff bonus fund, the welfare fund and the
enterprise development fund from the profit after tax paid in accordance
with the law.
Article 35
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall engage at least one Chinese citizen as member
of its senior managerial body. The senior managerial personnel of a
foreign-capital financial institution or of a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution may not concurrently hold important positions in any
other economic organizations.
Article 36
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
一、奇闻实例简摘
4月12日，大秦网转载了《风筝线成“凶器”女子路过被缠住割伤脖子》的文章，【1】大致内容为：一男一女在新城广场路边放风筝，风筝挂在了公交车上，风筝线缠住了正在自行车道行驶的李女士脖子，致使李女士脖子出现了长达十几厘米的伤口并往外渗血，而放风筝人在看到致人受伤和听到伤者求救后溜之大吉，赶来的丈夫看到妻子伤得严重，就带着李女士到公安新城分局新城广场派出所报了案，幸好风筝线没有伤及李女士的动脉血管，没有危及到生命。该事件一出，记着采访新城广场放风筝人问风筝有多大杀伤力，而放风筝人认为“没有危险”，面对已经发生的危险，紧到底有多大？网友用香蕉和黄瓜做实验测试紧绷风筝线的杀伤力，发现这些水果很轻松就被紧绷的风筝线割断。而李女士说，风筝的线特别细，视力再好的人一般也看不到，希望自己的经历可以给放风筝的人提个醒，放风筝到公园，在马路边实在太危险。
该文章现已被中国日报网、法治网、华商网等多家网站和报纸刊载。
二、行为性质分析
由于李女士已经向派出所报案，那么，行为人在马路上放风筝，风筝线致人脖子受伤的行为是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪；在行为人明知风筝线致使李女士脖子处十几厘米的伤口向外渗血，并且听到李女士向其求救后，行为人溜之大吉的行为是否构成犯罪以及构成何种犯罪。由于报道所载的事实不是十分清楚，并且不能够作为法院查明的事实，因此，笔者出于论述的方便和研究的需要根据我国犯罪构成要件理论对以下内容做出假设：
1、放风筝人具有刑事责任能力，即行为人构成犯罪和承担刑事责任所必需的，行为人具有的刑法意义上辨认和控制自己行为的能力。【2】
2、由于李女士在脖子处有十几厘米的伤口，且报道称受伤严重，因此，本文暂认定李女士的伤情为重伤。
3、本文不考虑溜之大吉的一男一女是否存在共同犯罪的问题，暂且认定为一个行为人。
（一）致人重伤的行为是否构成犯罪
不论是根据四要件的犯罪构成理论，还是根据三阶层或两阶层的犯罪成立理论，该案认定行为人是否构成犯罪的关键之处在于行为人对致人受伤的行为和危害后果是否持故意或者过失的状态。
根据《刑法》第14条规定，犯罪故意是指行为人明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生的一种心理态度。在古天乐主演的电影《意外》中，古天乐为了帮助委托人使其父死于意外以骗取保险金，将风筝放置于高压线上，利用雨天环境致人死亡就是具有直接犯罪故意的表现。本例中，由于行为人只是为了放风筝娱乐，对致人受伤的行为内容、行为性质、危害结果显然不具有明知，因此，应当排除行为人在主观具有故意。
根据《刑法》第15条规定，犯罪过失是指行为人应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果，因为疏忽大意而没有预见，或者已经预见而轻信能够避免的一种心理态度。犯罪过失可以分为过于自信的过失和疏忽大意的过失；同时，过失犯罪只有在刑法有规定时才成立。在本例中，行为人对放风筝时风筝线致人受伤的行为和后果是否应当具备预见能力和具有注意义务，理论上存在主观说、客观说和折中说，黎宏教授在评判了三种学说观点后认为：在有无预见能力的判断上，应当以“行为人所属领域的一般人”为标准。【3】几乎每个人都放过风筝，3月31日大秦网转载了《清明跟“春风握握手” 西安放风筝六大好去处》的文章，【4】虽然都是些空旷处但也有城墙、湖水等容易发生危险的地方，因此，从一般人的生活常识来看，除非故意使风筝成为凶器外风筝应当没有杀伤力；从报道来看，新城广场虽为广场但面积不大，风筝很容易落到广场以外的地方，在该地放风筝的人认为“没有危险”，由于以前没有发生或者发生去不为人所知的这种实实在在危险，如果要求行为人去履行结果预见义务或者履行结果回避义务似有不妥，因此，行为人是否应当具备预见能力和具有注意义务存在疑问，根据在事实认定上存疑时有利于行为人的理论，应当认定行为人不具有过失。
综上所述，笔者认为行为人出于娱乐放风筝而风筝线致人受伤的行为不构成犯罪；即使造成受害人当场死亡或者经及时救助仍然死亡时也不应认定行为人构成犯罪。
（二）危害后果扩大的刑事责任探讨
本例中只报道了李女士受伤，但李女士在脖子处有十几厘米的伤口在渗血，而且行为人听到了李女士的求救，但行为人仍溜之大吉，由于受害人没有发生因得不到及时救助而出现其他后果，行为人溜之大吉的行为不能称为逃逸，行为人不构成犯罪，但无疑会受到道德否定、舆论谴责和人格非难。
本例中，风筝线没有伤及李女士的动脉血管，但如果风筝线致使受害人颈部动脉血管受伤，而行为人明知自己行为造成他人颈部受伤，选择逃逸却不及时救助受害人，致使受害人死亡的，行为人将因不履行其作为义务而构成犯罪。
我国《刑法》对不作为犯的内容及成立条件未作明文规定，虽然理论界对不作为犯的定义也众说纷纭，但对于本例均可适用。不作为是指行为人在能够履行自己应尽义务的情况下不履行该义务。【5】不作为义务的发生根据有法律明文规定的义务、职责要求的义务、法律行为引起的义务和先前行为引起的义务。本例中，风筝线致人受伤的行为是先前行为，如果行为人明知自己的行为致使人受伤而逃逸，受害人因得不到及时的救助而死亡的，行为人因不履行其先前行为引起的作为义务构成不作为犯罪，构成故意杀人罪。由于行为人没有积极追求被害人死亡的结果，而害怕负责的心理致使其选择逃逸，对受害人是否死亡持放任的心理状态，因此，构成间接的故意杀人罪。如果受害人得到其他人的及时救助而没有发生死亡的后果，行为人是否成立故意杀人罪的未遂犯，我国刑法理论认为间接故意犯罪一般不存在未遂形态。
犯罪成立的认定应当遵循由客观认定再到主观认定的过程，本例中风筝线并没有伤及李女士的动脉血管，行为人溜之大吉的行为根本不可能致使李女士遭受其他严重后果，因此，行为人不成立犯罪。
三、本例意义探讨
文章中清醒了告诉人们马路边放风筝的危险实实在在发生了，而且网友也做了风筝线杀伤力大小的测试，虽然行为人致人脖子受伤的行为和溜之大吉的行为并不构成犯罪，但是当这种事件再次发生后，行为人是不是依然不构成犯罪，笔者认为行为人在满足过失犯罪所成立所必须的除主观要素以外的要素后将成立犯罪。
上文已述，在满足笔者假设了的主体和结果要素时，行为人仍不构成犯罪。因为对于行为人主观要素的判断不论是采用主观说还是采用客观说（折中说是变相的主观说）均不能认定行为人具有主观上的可非难性。人们认为风筝线伤人是件很吃惊奇事，而这种令人吃惊的奇事在经过多家媒体传播后，已经使人们认识、理解和接受了风筝具有杀伤力的事实，从而在事实的基础改变了人们的常识：对放风筝所引起的危害后果需要具有一定的预见能力和注意义务，否则将使他人的生命健康处于危险之中。因为每个人都有放风筝的可能，不论是从社会上一般人的能力为标准，还是“行为人所属领域的一般人（即实际放风筝人群）”为标准，行为人均具有主观上的过失态度。
如果行为人明知自己的过失行为致使受害人处于危及生命的状态，若经过行为人及时的救助仍致使死亡的应认定为过失致人死亡罪，没有发生死亡但是发生重伤后果的应认定为过失致人重伤罪；若行为人不对受害人进行积极救助致使受害人死亡的应认定为故意杀人罪。
四、结语
放风筝的行为是我国自古有之的娱乐方式，实践中，存在一些利用风筝积极追求自身目的的犯罪行为，除了对这些应当加以法律否定、刑事制裁和社会防御的行为外，风筝没有杀伤力，这是人们所确信的常识。在这种认识环境和知识支配下，因在马路边放风筝致人重伤或死亡的情形应当认定为意外事件排除刑法的适用。但是，当在马路边放风筝而实实在在的危险后，这种危险又经过网络的传播为大多数人群所知晓、了解和接受，从而在危险事实存在的基础上冲击着人们的固有观念、更新了人们的知识结构和约束了人们的行为方式，风筝的杀伤力是可以预见的，如果放风筝者不去履行结果回避义务或者结果预见义务，那么，在具备其他法律规定的构成要件要素后，行为人完全可能构成犯罪。因此，笔者认为：网络时代的来临使以前不能成立犯罪的行为在危险被大范围传播并为人们所认知后，再次发生的与以前行为相同的行为可能将构成犯罪。
上海外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构管理办法(附英文)
上海外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构管理办法(附英文)
人民银行
一九九0年九月七日国务院批准
第一章 总则
第一条 为了适应上海市对外开放和经济发展的需要，加强和完善外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的管理，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构是指依照本办法和中华人民共和国其他法律、法规的规定，经批准设立、登记注册和营业的下列机构：
（一）总行设在上海市的外国资本的银行（以下简称外资银行）；
（二）外国资本的银行在上海市设立的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）；
（三）外国资本的金融机构同中国资本的金融机构在上海市合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）；
（四）外国资本的金融机构同中国资本的金融机构在上海市合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）。
第三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构必须遵守中华人民共和国的法律、法规，其正当业务活动和合法权益受中华人民共和国法律保护。
第四条 中国人民银行是审批、管理和监督外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的主管机关；中国人民银行授权上海市分行对外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构进行日常管理和监督。
第二章 设立与登记
第五条 申请设立外资银行应当具备下列条件：
（一）投资者为金融机构；
（二）在中国境内已经设立代表机构三年以上；
（三）申请设立外资银行前一年年末资产总额在一百亿美元以上。
第六条 申请设立外资银行分行应当具备下列条件：
（一）在中国境内已经设立代表机构三年以上；
（二）申请设立外资银行分行前一年年末资产总额在二百亿美元以上；
（三）其所在国或者地区有完善的金融监管制度。
第七条 申请设立合资银行、合资财务公司应当具备下列条件：
（一）合资各方均为金融机构；
（二）外方投资者在中国境内设有代表机构。
第八条 设立外资银行，应当由投资者向中国人民银行提出申请，并提交下列证件、资料：
（一）设立外资银行的申请书，其内容包括：拟设银行的名称，注册资本和实收资本额，申请经营的业务种类等；
（二）可行性研究报告；
（三）最近三年的资产、负债状况的报告及有关证明文件；
（四）拟设银行的章程草案；
（五）所在国或者地区有关主管当局核发给投资者的营业执照（副本）；
（六）中国人民银行要求提交的其他证件、资料。
第九条 设立外资银行分行，应当由其总行向中国人民银行提出申请，并提交下列证件、资料：
（一）由董事长或者总经理签署的申请书，其内容包括：拟设分行的名称，总行拨给的营运资金数额，申请经营的业务种类等；
（二）最近三年的年报；
（三）所在国或者地区有关主管当局核发给申请设立分行的银行的营业执照（副本）；
（四）中国人民银行要求提交的其他证件、资料。
第十条 设立合资银行或者合资财务公司，应当由合资各方共同向中国人民银行提出申请，并提交下列证件、资料：
（一）设立合资机构的申请书，其内容包括：拟设合资机构的名称，合资各方名称，注册资本和实收资本额，合资各方出资比例，申请经营的业务种类等；
（二）合资各方共同编制的可行性研究报告；
（三）由合资各方授权代表草签的合资经营协议、合同以及拟设机构的章程草案；
（四）合资各方最近三年的资产、负债状况的报告及有关证明文件；
（五）所在国或者地区有关主管当局核发给合资各方的营业执照（副本）；
（六）中国人民银行要求提交的其他证件、资料。
第十一条 本办法第八、九、十条中所列证件、资料，除年报外，凡用外文书写的，均须附具中文译本。
第十二条 设立申请经中国人民银行审查同意后，发给申请者正式申请表。
正式申请表填写后，向中国人民银行提出正式申请，申请文件包括：
（一）由申请者法定代表或者授权代表签字的正式申请表（一式三份）；
（二）拟设机构主要负责人名单和简历；
（三）对拟任该机构主要负责人的授权书；
（四）设立外资银行分行的，其总行对该分行承担税务、债务的责任担保书；
（五）其他资料。
第十三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当在接到中国人民银行批准证书后三十天内，依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规规定，向工商行政管理机关办理登记注册，领取营业执照，并应当依法自开业之日起三十天内向税务机关办理税务登记。
第十四条 已经批准的外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当在领取营业执照后，向国家外汇管理局申领《经营外汇业务许可证》。
第十五条 已经批准的外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构自接到中国人民银行批准证书之日起十二个月内未营业者，原批准文件自动失效。
第十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构有下列情况之一的，须经中国人民银行核准：
（一）投资股本的调整、转让；
（二）变更营业场所；
（三）更换董事长（副董事长）、行长（副行长）、总经理（副总经理）、分行长（副分行长）；
（四）在境外设立分支机构。
第三章 注册资本和营运资金
第十七条 外资银行、合资银行的最低注册资本为三千万美元等值的自由兑换货币，合资财务公司的最低注册资本为二千万美元等值的自由兑换货币；其实收资本均不得低于其注册资本的50％。
外资银行分行应当由其总行专门拨给不少于一千万美元等值的自由兑换货币的营运资金。
第十八条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当在接到中国人民银行批准证书之后三十天内，筹足其实收资本或者营运资金，由中国注册会计师验证并出具证明。
第十九条 外资银行、合资银行、合资财务公司须每年从其税后净利润中提取25％的资金补充资本金，直至其实收资本加储备金的总额达到其注册资本的二倍。
外资银行分行须每年将税后净利润的25％保留在中国境内，用以补充营运资金，直至该保留盈利等于该行营运资金。
第四章 业务范围
第二十条 根据申请，中国人民银行批准外资银行、合资银行、外资银行分行经营下列业务的部分或者全部：
（一）外币存款；
（二）外币放款；
（三）外币票据贴现；
（四）外币投资；
（五）外币汇款；
（六）外汇担保；
（七）进出口结算；
（八）自营或者代客买卖外汇；
（九）外币有价证券买卖；
（十）代理外币及外币票据兑换；
（十一）代理外币信用卡付款；
（十二）保管及保管箱；
（十三）资信调查和咨询；
（十四）经批准的其他业务。
第二十一条 根据申请，中国人民银行批准合资财务公司经营下列业务的部分或者全部：
（一）外币放款；
（二）外币票据贴现；
（三）外币投资；
（四）外汇担保；
（五）外币有价证券买卖；
（六）资信调查和咨询；
（七）外币信托；
（八）每笔不少于十万美元、期限为三个月以上的外币存款；
（九）经批准的其他业务。
第二十二条 本章所称外币存款是指以外币表示的下列存款：
（一）境内外同业存款；
（二）境外的非同业存款；
（三）中国境内的外国人的存款；
（四）华侨和香港、澳门、台湾同胞的存款；
（五）外商投资企业存款；
（六）外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构对非外商投资企业贷款的转存款；
（七）经批准的其他存款。
第二十三条 外资银行、合资银行、外资银行分行在办理进出口结算业务时，服务对象为境内外商投资企业和有进出口经营权的非外商投资企业。但办理非外商投资企业的进口结算业务的，该项进口所需资金应当来自本银行的贷款。
第五章 业务管理
第二十四条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构经营存款业务，应当向中国人民银行上海市分行缴存存款准备金，其比率由中国人民银行制定，并根据需要进行调整。存款准备金不计利息。
第二十五条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构对一个企业及其关联企业的放款，不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的30％，但经中国人民银行特许的除外。
第二十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的投资总额不得超过其实收资本加储备金额的30％，但经中国人民银行批准投资于金融企业的除外。
第二十七条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的总资产不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的二十倍。
第二十八条 外资银行分行的营运资金的30％应当以中国人民银行指定的生息资产形式存在，包括在中国人民银行指定的银行存款等。
第二十九条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的房地产不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的25％，其他固定资产不得超过其实收资本加储备金总额的15％。
第三十条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当确保其资产的流动性。
第三十一条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构从中国境内吸收的存款不得超过该机构在中国境内的总资产的40％。
第三十二条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当按规定保留适当的呆帐准备金。
第三十三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的外币存、放款利率及各种手续费率，通过同业公会协商确定或者参照国际市场行情制定，报中国人民银行上海市分行核准。
第三十四条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构依法纳税后的利润，应当按照规定提取储备基金、职工奖励基金、福利基金和企业发展基金。
第三十五条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当至少聘用一名中国公民为高层管理人员。
外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的高层管理人员不得兼任其他经济组织的重要职务。
第三十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当固定聘用中国注册会计师，并经中国人民银行上海市分行认可。
第六章 监督检查
第三十七条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构应当建立完善的内部稽核制度，增强自我约束的能力。
第三十八条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构须按规定向中国人民银行报送财务和业务报表。
第三十九条 中国人民银行及其上海市分行有权检查、稽核外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的业务和财务状况。
第七章 解散与清算
第四十条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构自行终止业务活动，须在终止前三十天以书面形式向中国人民银行提出申请，经中国人民银行批准后予以解散并进行清算。
第四十一条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构无力偿付其债务的，中国人民银行可令其停业，限期清理。在清理期限内，已恢复偿付能力的机构，需要复业的，须向中国人民银行提出申请。
第四十二条 自行终止业务活动和依法被停业的外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构，其解散和清算事项，须按照中华人民共和国有关规定办理。
第四十三条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构进行清理，须在依法缴清税款和清偿全部债务后，方可退还股本、分配股利。
第四十四条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构清算完毕，应当在规定期限内向原登记机关办理注销登记。
第八章 罚则
第四十五条 违反本办法第二章规定，擅自设立外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构的，中国人民银行有权责令其停业，没收其非法所得，处以五万元以上、十万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十六条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法第四章规定，超越批准业务范围从事经营的，中国人民银行及其上海市分行有权责令其停止所超越部分的经营活动，依法没收其超越部分的非法所得，处以一万元以上、五万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十七条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法第五章规定，中国人民银行及其上海市分行有权责令其纠正、调整或者补足，并根据情节处以五千元以上、三万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十八条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法第六章规定，未按期报送报表或者抗拒监督检查的，中国人民银行及其上海市分行可视其情节给予警告、通报或者处以三千元以上、一万元以下人民币等值外汇的罚款。
第四十九条 外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反本办法，情节严重的，中国人民银行可责令其停业直至撤销机构。
外资金融机构、中外合资金融机构违反其他法律、法规的，由有关主管机关依法予以处罚。
第九章 附则
第五十条 本办法对华侨资本和香港、澳门、台湾地区资本的金融机构，比照适用。
第五十一条 本办法发布施行前，已在上海市的外资银行分行，应当依照本办法的规定补办设立和登记手续；不符合本办法有关规定的，由中国人民银行上海市分行指定期限令其调整。
第五十二条 本办法由中国人民银行负责解释。中国人民银行可以根据本办法制定具体规定。
第五十三条 本办法自发布之日起施行。(附英文)
MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN-CAPITAL FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS AND CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INTHE SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN-CAPITAL FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS AND CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN
THE SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY
(Approved by the State Council on September 7, 1990 and promul-
gated by Decree No. 2 of the People's Bank of China on September 8, 1990)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Measures are formulated for the purpose of meeting the needs of
opening to the outside world and the economic development of the Shanghai
Municipality, strengthening and perfecting the administration of foreign-
capital financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institutions.
Article 2
The term "foreign-capital financial institutions and Chinese-foreign
equity joint financial institutions", referred to in these Measures,
denotes the following institutions which are established with approval and
registered to engage in business operations in accordance with these
Measures and with the pertinent provisions of other laws and regulations
of the People's Republic of China:
1) foreign-capital banks with their head offices established in the
Shanghai Municipality (hereinafter referred to as "foreign bank");
2) branches of foreign banks established in the Shanghai Municipality
(hereinafter referred to as "foreign branch bank");
3) banks established in the Shanghai Municipality with joint capital and
operation by foreign financial institutions and Chinese financial
institutions (hereinafter referred to as "joint bank"); and
4) financial companies established in the Shanghai Municipality with joint
capital and operation by foreign financial institutions and Chinese
financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as "joint financial
company").
Article 3
Foreign-capital financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institutions shall abide by the laws and regulations of the
People's Republic of China and their legitimate business activities and
lawful rights and interests shall be protected by Chinese laws.
Article 4
The People's Bank of China is the competent authority in charge of
examining and approving, administering, and supervising foreign-capital
financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institutions. The People's Bank of China authorizes its Shanghai Branch to
exercise day-to-day administration and supervision of foreign-capital
financial institutions and Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institutions.
Chapter II Establishment and Registration
Article 5
Any party applying for the approval to set up a foreign bank shall satisfy
the following requirements:
1) the investor is a financial institution;
2) the applicant has a representative office of more than three years'
standing inside China; and
3) the applicant possesses total assets of more than US$ 10 billion at the
end of the year prior to the submission of such an application.
Article 6
Any party applying for the approval to set up a foreign branch bank shall
satisfy the following requirements:
1) the applicant has a representative office of more than three years'
standing inside China;
2) the applicant possesses total assets of more than US$ 20 billion at the
end of the year prior to the submission of such an application; and
3) in the home country or region of the applicant, there is a sound system
for financial administration and supervision.
Article 7
Parties applying for the approval to set up a joint bank or a joint
financial company shall satisfy the following requirements:
1) each investing party to a joint bank or joint financial company is a
financial institution; and
2) the foreign investor has a representative office inside China.
Article 8
For a foreign bank to be set up, the foreign investor shall apply to the
People's Bank of China and submit the following documents and data:
1) an application for the establishment thereof, which shall include the
name of the intended bank, the registered capital and the amount of the
paid-in capital, and the types of business operations the bank intends to
engage in;
2) a feasibility study report;
3) the statements of assets and liabilities of the investor during the
three successive years prior to the submission of such an application,
together with the relevant certifying documents;
4) the draft articles of association of the intended bank;
5) a copy of the business licence of the investor approved and issued by
the competent authority concerned in the home country or region of the
investor; and
6) other documents and data as required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 9
For a foreign branch bank to be set up, the head office of the foreign
bank concerned shall apply to the People's Bank of China and submit the
following documents and data: 1) an application duly signed by the
chairman of the board of directors or the general manager of the bank,
which shall include the name of the intended branch bank, the amount of
operating funds approved and allocated by the head office, and the types
of business operations the branch bank intends to engage in;
2) annual reports for the three successive years prior to the submission
of such an application;
3) a copy of the business licence of the applying bank approved and issued
by the competent authorities of the home country or region of the applying
bank; and 4) other documents and data as required by the People's Bank of
China.
Article 10
For a joint bank or a joint financial company to be set up, all the
parties thereto shall jointly apply to the People's Bank of China and
submit the following documents and data:
1) an application for the establishment thereof, which shall include the
name of the intended joint financial institution, the name of each
investing party thereto, the registered capital and the amount of the
paid-in capital, the respective percentage of contributions by the
parties, and the types of business operations the joint financial
institution intends to engage in;
2) a feasibility study report jointly prepared by the parties thereto;
3) the agreement, the contract and the draft articles of association of
the joint financial institution initialled by the authorized
representative of each of the parties thereto;
4) the statements of assets and liabilities of each of the parties thereto
during the three successive years prior to the submission of such an
application, together with relevant supporting documents;
5) copies of the respective business licences of all the parties thereto
approved and issued by the competent authorities concerned of the home
country or region of each of the parties; and
6) other documents and data as required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 11
Any of the documents and data prescribed in Articles 8, 9 and 10 of these
Measures, with the exception of the annual reports, if written in a
foreign language, shall be submitted together with a Chinese translation
thereof.
Article 12
After the application for the approval of such establishment has been
examined and approved by the People's Bank of China, an official
application form shall be issued to the applicant(s).
The applicant(s) shall, after filling in the official application form,
formally apply to the People's Bank of China and shall submit the
following documents for the application:
1) the official application form duly signed by the legal
representative(s) of the applicant(s) or the representative(s) authorized
by the applicant(s) (which shall be submitted in triplicate);
2) a list of the principal persons in charge of the institution to be set
up and their respective curriculum vitae;
3) power(s) of attorney for the principal persons in charge of the
institution; 4) where a foreign branch bank is to be set up, letters of
undertaking issued by the head office assuming for its branch office the
obligations for tax payment and debt repayment; and
5) other relevant data.
Article 13
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall, within 30 days of receipt of the certificate
of approval issued by the People's Bank of China, undertake the procedures
of registration for the issuance of business licence with the
administrative department for industry and commerce in accordance with the
pertinent laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China and
shall, within 30 days of commencement of business operations, undertake
the procedures for tax registration with the tax authorities in accordance
with the law.
Article 14
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution whose establishment has been approved shall, after
obtaining the business licence, apply to the State Administration of
Foreign Exchange Control for the approval and issuance of a Licence for
Business Operations in Foreign Exchange.
Article 15
In the event that a foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-
foreign equity joint financial institution should fail to commence its
business operations within 12 months of receipt of the certificate of
approval issued by the People's Bank of China, the certificate of approval
shall automatically become null and void.
Article 16
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall apply to the People's Bank of China for
verification and approval in respect of any one of the following items:
1) adjustment and transfer of the investment capital stock;
2) change of the business site;
3) change of the chairman (or the vice-chairman) of the board of
directors, or the president (or the vice-president), the general manager
(or the deputy general manager), or the president (or vice-president) of a
branch office; and
4) establishment of a branch office outside China.
Chapter III Registered Capital and Operating Funds
Article 17
The minimum amount of the registered capital of a foreign bank or a joint
bank shall be freely convertible currencies equivalent to US$ 30 million.
The minimum amount of the registered capital of a joint financial company
shall be freely convertible currencies equivalent to US$ 20 million. Their
respective paid-in capital shall be no less than 50 percent of their
respective registered capital.
A foreign branch bank shall be allocated as its operating funds by its
head office a sum of freely convertible currencies equivalent to not less
than US$ 10 million.
Article 18
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall, within 30 days of receipt of the certificate
of approval issued by the People's Bank of China, raise in full the paid-
in capital operating funds, which shall be verified by a Chinese
registered accountant, who shall, upon verification, issue a certificate
to that effect.
Article 19
Each year, a foreign bank, a joint bank, or a joint financial company
shall allocate 25 percent of its after-tax net profit as supplementary
capital until the total amount of the paid-in capital and reserve funds is
twice that of the registered capital. Each year, a foreign branch bank
shall keep 25 percent of its after-tax net profit inside China to
supplement its operating funds until the kept profit is equal to its
operating funds.
Chapter IV Business Scope
Article 20
The People's Bank of China shall, based on the application submitted to
it, grant permission to a foreign bank, a joint bank, or a foreign branch
bank to engage in part or all of the following business operations:
1) deposits in foreign currencies;
2) loans in foreign currencies;
3) discounts of negotiable instruments in foreign currencies;
4) investments in foreign currencies;
5) remittances in foreign currencies;
6) guarantees of foreign exchange;
7) import and export settlement;
8) buying and selling of foreign exchange on its own account or on
customers' account; 9) buying and selling of securities in foreign
currencies;
10) acting as an agent for the exchange of foreign currencies and for the
cashing of negotiable instruments in foreign currencies;
11) acting as an agent for payments against credit cards in foreign
currencies; 12) custody and safe deposit box services;
13) credit and financial standing investigation and consultancy services;
and 14) other services approved.
Article 21
The People's Bank of China shall, based on the application submitted to
it, grant permission to a joint financial company to engage in part or all
of the following business operations:
1) loans in foreign currencies;
2) discounts of negotiable instruments in foreign currencies;
3) investments in foreign currencies;
4) guarantees of foreign exchange;
5) buying and selling of securities in foreign currencies;
6) credit and financial standing investigations and consultancy services;
7) trust in foreign currencies;
8) deposits in foreign currencies with each deposit amounting to not less
than US$ 100,000 for period of no less than three months; and
9) other services approved.
Article 22
The terms "deposits in foreign currencies" referred to in this Chapter
denotes the following deposits denominated in foreign currencies:
1) interbank deposits inside and outside China;
2) non-interbank deposits outside China;
3) deposits by foreigners inside China;
4) deposits by overseas Chinese and by compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao
and Taiwan; 5) deposits by enterprises with foreign investment;
6) deposits of loans granted by foreign-capital financial institutions or
Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institutions to enterprises other
than those with foreign investment; and
7) other kinds of deposits approved.
Article 23
In handling import and export settlement, foreign banks, joint banks or
foreign branch banks shall offer services only to enterprises with foreign
investment and those enterprises other than those with foreign investment
which are authorized to engage in import and export operations. But with
respect to import settlement with enterprises other than those with
foreign investment, the funds needed for the import in question shall have
come from the loans of the bank which is handling the settlement.
Chapter V Management of Business
Article 24
A foreign-capital institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institution which engages in deposit business operations shall place
deposit reserves with the Shanghai Branch of the People's Bank of China.
The ratios of the reserves as against various deposits shall be determined
by the People's Bank of China and shall be adjusted in accordance with the
actual needs. Such deposit reserves shall be interest-free.
Article 25
The total amount of loans which a foreign-capital financial institution or
a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution grants to any one
enterprise and its associated enterprises may not exceed 30 percent of the
sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves, with the
exception of loans specially approved by the People's Bank of China.
Article 26
The total amount of investments by a foreign-capital financial institution
or by a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution may not exceed
30 percent of the sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves,
with the exception of investments in financial enterprises approved by the
People's Bank of China.
Article 27
The total assets of a foreign-capital financial institution or of a
Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution may not exceed 20 times
the sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves.
Article 28
30 percent of the operating funds of a foreign branch bank shall be put by
in the form of interest-bearing assets as prescribed by the People's Bank
of China, which shall include depositing the said funds in a bank or banks
designated by the People's Republic of China.
Article 29
Real estate owned by a foreign-capital financial institution or by a
Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution may not exceed 25
percent of the sum total of its paid-in capital and its total reserves;
its other assets may not exceed 15 percent thereof.
Article 30
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall ensure the mobility of its assets.
Article 31
The total amount of deposits by sources inside China in a foreign-capital
financial institution or in a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial
institution may not exceed 40 percent of its total assets inside China.
Article 32
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall maintain proper reserves for bad debts in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 33
The interest rates of deposits and loans of a foreign-capital financial
institution or of a Chinese-foreign equity joint financial institution and
the various service charges shall be determined by the Bankers'
Association through consultation or be fixed in the light of the
international market and shall be submitted to the Shanghai Branch of the
People's Bank of China for approval.
Article 34
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions,
draw the reserve fund, the staff bonus fund, the welfare fund and the
enterprise development fund from the profit after tax paid in accordance
with the law.
Article 35
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution shall engage at least one Chinese citizen as member
of its senior managerial body. The senior managerial personnel of a
foreign-capital financial institution or of a Chinese-foreign equity joint
financial institution may not concurrently hold important positions in any
other economic organizations.
Article 36
A foreign-capital financial institution or a Chinese-foreign equity joint
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